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Copyright advice sought
by Bernard Geoghegan 20 Jul '18

20 Jul '18

Dear Members, I’m looking for some copyright tips. I’d be grateful for feedback. I’m trying to figure out if I need copyright holder permission to reproduce in an academic publication images from the following items that appeared in print between 1923 and 1963, i.e. a period when things normally require explicit copyright renewal to stay out of the public domain. I can’t figure out if some of these materials count as government documents. Unless noted, none of these materials come from an archive or otherwise privileged source. Figures from IBM manuals for SAGE from 1958. There’s no evidence the manual was copyrighted, nor that the copyright was renewed, but there is a statement in the manuals that reads “This document contains information of a proprietary nature. Any use or reproduction of this document for other than government purposes is subject to the prior consent of International Business Machines Corporation.” A figure from a 1950s RAND memo prepared for the US Air Force—no evidence that it was copyrighted, nor that the copyright was renewed. There is a statement on the cover that permission must be sought from RAND to quote or reproduce its contents. Figures from a 1947 report produced by a university-based laboratory for the US Air Force, no evidence that it was copyrighted, nor that copyright was renewed. I don’t think it was publicly circulated. I got my copy from a US government archive. Pre-1964 magazine advertisements, I have no information about their copyright status. Thanks for your advice, colleagues. Best, Bernard -- Bernard Dionysius Geoghegan Senior Lecturer in the History and Theory of Digital Media www.bernardg.com Department of Digital Humanities King's College London The Strand Building Room S3.08 WC2R 2LS Office: +44 (0)20 7848 4750 Cell: +44 (0)75 7713 9098

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Postdoc opportunity with Wendy Chun at SFU
by Thomas Haigh 19 Jul '18

19 Jul '18

Not historical, but certainly STSy and might fit with the interests of some SIGCIS participants. Tom Anfang der weitergeleiteten Nachricht: Von: Wendy Chun <whkchun(a)gmail.com <mailto:whkchun@gmail.com> > Betreff: Please spread word of this post-doc opportunity Datum: 17. Juli 2018 um 23:01:03 MESZ The Digital Democracies Group at Simon Fraser University invites applications for a Postdoctoral Fellowship for a full academic year to work with Professor Wendy Chun at the SFU School of Communication, starting September 2018. The Digital Democracies Group integrates research in the humanities, social sciences and data sciences to address questions of equality and social justice. Current research projects focus on ways to combat the current proliferation of online "echo chambers" and discriminatory algorithms by creating alternative data literacies and paradigms for connection: from applications and methods to transform hostile social media exchanges into productive dialogs, to critical analyses of fake news and its historical evolution. The successful candidate will be involved in a research project examining the relationship between networked and physical segregation, as well as ways to combat this segregation through the development of new networking models. Candidates must have their Ph.D. in a relevant discipline-within the humanities, social sciences, or physical sciences-a demonstrated ability to conduct high-quality research in Natural Language Processing, Data/Network Science, and/or Media Theory, and strong written and oral communications skills. They should also have experience working in an interdisciplinary setting. This fellowship is renewable for up to a total of 3 years; renewals are based on performance and availability of funding. The fellowship carries an annual stipend of CA$45,000. Candidates should email their CV, a summary of research interests, and the contact details of two references to Mark Campbell (mark_campbell(a)sfu.ca <mailto:mark_campbell@sfu.ca> ). Review of applications will begin on July 25, 2018, and continue until a suitable candidate has been identified.

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Fair Use
by David C. Brock 13 Jul '18

13 Jul '18

On Bernard’s question, this from Barndon Butler from the University of Virginia who is a fair use/copyright expert: > Interesting! For an article, if the images serve the argument, I’d say rely on fair use, no worries. And it sounds like the odds are quite good that most of this stuff is in the public domain anyway. All the bombastic warnings demanding permission are surely unenforceable. I wouldn’t be daunted at all in using this stuff. The Authors Alliance just put out a nice new book on fair use for nonfiction authors that might be useful: https://www.authorsalliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/AuthorsAllianceF…. +++++++++++++++ David C. Brock dcb(a)dcbrock.net 40 Russell Street, Greenfield, MA 01301 Mobile: 413-522-3578 Skype: dcbrock Twitter: @dcbrock

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Cybernetics and Industry
by Bjorn Westergard 12 Jul '18

12 Jul '18

Esteemed SIGCIS members, Which are the indispensable histories (and/or shorter historical essays) of cybernetics that touch on its social context? I'm particularly interested in the influence of self-styled cyberneticians on those playing a directive function in private enterprise (industrial/process engineers, managers, etc.) and vice versa. This question was prompted by a (characteristically!) gnomic remark of Wiener's in *The Human Use of Human Beings*, in which he appears to be quite fluent in "Taylorist" idiom: "The notion of programming in the factory had already become familiar through the work of Taylor and the Gilbreths on time study, and was ready to be transferred to the machine. This offered considerable difficulty of detail, but no great difficulty of principle." (p150) Cheers, Bjorn

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Call for Submissions: Information & Culture
by Scoville, Sheila L 11 Jul '18

11 Jul '18

Information & Culture: A Journal of History is actively soliciting articles for publication. The journal publishes high quality, peer reviewed articles on the history of information. The social and cultural context of information and information technology, viewed from an historical perspective, is at the heart of the journal’s interests. Typical papers might focus, for example, on the histories of information institutions, agencies, domains, or businesses; the history of information work and workers; the history of information in everyday life; the history of information and communication practices; the history of information artifacts (ranging from books to computers, information infrastructures and networks); the history of the organization and classification of information; the history of concepts and theories in the information domain; and intellectual and theoretical approaches for writing information history. The intention is to juxtapose papers on a wide variety of topics related to the history of information to stimulate connections between the research of library historians, information science historians, historians of print culture, historians of computing, historians of media and communication, labor historians, gender historians, economic historians, business historians, political and diplomatic historians, cultural studies scholars, critical theorists, and science and technology scholars. Instructions for contributors are available at http://www.infoculturejournal.org/submissions Interested authors should contact the editor: Ciaran B. Trace School of Information University of Texas – Austin Email: cbtrace(a)austin.utexas.edu<mailto:cbtrace@austin.utexas.edu>

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Cash and Dash: How ATMs and Computers Changed Banking (Oxford)
by Bernardo Batiz-Lazo 09 Jul '18

09 Jul '18

Colleagues Some of you might be interested in this title which was released this week (also via Amazon): https://global.oup.com/academic/product/cash-and-dash-9780198782810?cc=gb&l… <https://global.oup.com/academic/product/cash-and-dash-9780198782810?cc=gb&l…> Among other things, it benefited from the support of a Norbert Travel fund to Charles Babbage. Best wishes Bernardo Bangor University (Wales) Cash and Dash How ATMs and Computers Changed Banking Bernardo Bátiz-Lazo Covers the digitalisation process of banking from the 1960s to the present day An index of technological change in banking explains the organizational and technological challenges to develop computer networks Questions the cultural significance of ATMs Uses cross-country comparisons to study why, in spite of globalization, retail payment systems map to national borders

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Criticism of von Neumann historiography
by Richard Vahrenkamp 08 Jul '18

08 Jul '18

Dear SIGCIS researchers, Dear SIGCIS researchers, In my lecture at the ICOHTEC annual meeting in St. Etienne, I point to the dominance of the subject of the Neumann Computer in the historiography and show on the basis of numerous sources that in the Californian cluster of the aircraft industry, in addition to the IAS in Princeton, a second birthplace of the computing machines (mainly with analog computers) was created after 1944, which was previously considered by the research little. The aircraft cluster found no use for the digital von Neumann machine. Since von Neumann's machine was merely academic and was not used in industry, John von Neumann had to invent fields of application in the future as the legitimacy of his project. He opted for meteorology - although it is not clear that analog computers could not offer solutions here as well. Until 1960, the race between analog and digital computers in aircraft and missile industry was not decided in favor of the latter; in 1961, NASA commissioned a large general-purpose analog computer for the Saturn V project. My thesis of the aviation industry as the source of computing machines after 1944 can also be applied to other countries with strong aircraft industries, such as England and the Soviet Union. It was also no coincidence that Zuse‘s Z3, the first electric digital computer in Germany, was created in 1941 in the context of the Berlin aircraft industry. With kind regards from Berlin Richard Vahrenkamp -- ******************************************** Prof. Dr. Richard Vahrenkamp Logistik Consulting Berlin Phone 0177- 628 3325 E-Mail: Vahrenkamp2016(a)gmx.de Web: www.vahrenkamp.org Trendelenburgstr. 16 14057 Berlin *********************************************

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Re: [SIGCIS-Members] Criticism of von Neumann historiography
by Brian Randell 07 Jul '18

07 Jul '18

Hi Richard: This thread, and your reference to Saturn V, prompts me to recall that when in 1957 I joined the English Electric Company’s Atomic Power Division, in Whetstone, just outside Leicester, analogue computing was in the ascendant there. There was just one digital computer, a DEUCE, but I and my colleagues were confident of the superior prospects for digital over analogue computing - and were soon proved right. We knew a little of the large efforts at Whetstone on analogue computer construction, culminating in a huge one called SATURN that filled a large two storey building. This project was I understood still in difficulties when I left English Electric in 1964 to join the IBM T J Watson Research Center. So I am surprised to learn now that the analogue efforts at Whetstone were regarded as a big success into the 1970s, at least according to this account, which I’ve just found: "In 1957 the Consortium, now know as NNC, constructed at Whetstone an analogue computer known as PLUTO having 115 amplifiers. This was followed in 1959 by MARS, having 210 amplifiers. Both machines were phased out in 1959/1960 and replaced by Saturn having six consoles each having 252 amplifiers, 600 potentiometer and 76 non-linear devices. Over the years these consoles were trunked together to yield a 1500 amplifier which was subsequently supplemented in 1972 with an EAI 8812 analogue computer. It is believed that the SATURN was the largest analogue computer ever built. Excellent service was given by this machine until 1978 when it was scrapped." Advances in Nuclear Science and Technology, Volume 17: Simulators for Nuclear Power (eds. Lewins and Becker) p. 7. https://books.google.co.uk/books?isbn=1461321832 I do recall one of the analogue computers being scrapped, and one of my colleagues being almost in tears because he found out too late that it had been carted away, before he had a chance to plunder it his electronics hobbies. Cheers Brian Randell On 6 Jul 2018, at 07:54, Richard Vahrenkamp <vahrenkamp2016(a)gmx.de<mailto:vahrenkamp2016@gmx.de>> wrote: Dear SIGCIS researchers, In my lecture at the ICOHTEC annual meeting in St. Etienne, I point to the dominance of the subject of the Neumann Computer in the historiography and show on the basis of numerous sources that in the Californian cluster of the aircraft industry, in addition to the IAS in Princeton, a second birthplace of the computing machines (mainly with analog computers) was created after 1944, which was previously considered by the research little. The aircraft cluster found no use for the digital von Neumann machine. Since von Neumann's machine was merely academic and was not used in industry, John von Neumann had to invent fields of application in the future as the legitimacy of his project. He opted for meteorology - although it is not clear that analog computers could not offer solutions here as well. Until 1960, the race between analog and digital computers in aircraft and missile industry was not decided in favor of the latter; in 1961, NASA commissioned a large general-purpose analog computer for the Saturn V project. My thesis of the aviation industry as the source of computing machines after 1944 can also be applied to other countries with strong aircraft industries, such as England and the Soviet Union. It was also no coincidence that Zuse‘s Z3, the first electric digital computer in Germany, was created in 1941 in the context of the Berlin aircraft industry. With kind regards from Berlin Richard Vahrenkamp -- ******************************************** Prof. Dr. Richard Vahrenkamp Logistik Consulting Berlin Phone 0177- 628 3325 E-Mail: Vahrenkamp2016(a)gmx.de<mailto:Vahrenkamp2016@gmx.de> Web: www.vahrenkamp.org<http://www.vahrenkamp.org/> Trendelenburgstr. 16 14057 Berlin ********************************************* _______________________________________________ This email is relayed from members at sigcis.org<http://sigcis.org>, the email discussion list of SHOT SIGCIS. Opinions expressed here are those of the member posting and are not reviewed, edited, or endorsed by SIGCIS. The list archives are at http://lists.sigcis.org/pipermail/members-sigcis.org/ and you can change your subscription options at http://lists.sigcis.org/listinfo.cgi/members-sigcis.org — School of Computing Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU EMAIL = Brian.Randell(a)ncl.ac.uk<mailto:Brian.Randell@ncl.ac.uk> PHONE = +44 191 208 7923 URL = http://www.ncl.ac.uk/computing/people/profile/brianrandell.html

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CFP - ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (FAT*)
by Michael Ekstrand 06 Jul '18

06 Jul '18

*We are pleased to announce the Call for Papers for the 2019 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (FAT*) to be held in Atlanta, Georgia in January/February 2019. FAT* is an interdisciplinary conference to connect social, policy and technical domains around broad questions of fairness, accountability and transparency in computing systems, including (but not limited) to machine learning. FAT* features a dedicated track for papers in Law, Policy, and Humanistic/Critical Analysis, and encourages submission from a wide array of disciplinary and methodological backgrounds.The inaugural conference at NYU in February 2018 had an acceptance rate of 25% and was sold-out, with 450 international attendees from across academia, industry and public policy.Papers (8-10 pages, due August 23) are double-blind peer reviewed and published in conference proceedings in the ACM Digital Library. Conference proceedings are often final publishing venues for computer scientists, but to accommodate a range of disciplinary needs, authors can opt for non-archival submission, subject to the same review process but only appearing as an abstract in the proceedings.Please forward this call to other people or groups you think may be interested.For more details, see https://fatconference.org/2019/cfp.html <https://fatconference.org/2019/cfp.html>*

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IEEE Spectrum Chip Hall of Fame new inductees
by Stephen Cass 03 Jul '18

03 Jul '18

Hello all, The official announcement is July 5th, but I wanted to give you folks a heads up that we've soft-launched the 2018 class of inductees for *IEEE Spectrum*'s Chip Hall of Fame, which tries to tell the stories behind the invention of influential integrated circuits. This years inductees are: · The Intel 4004, the world’s first microprocessor on a single chip. Intended as a quick side-venture to make some money for then-fledging Intel, this project almost crashed and burned due to a lack of staff. · The RCA CDP 1802 processor, which helped pioneer the concept of having computers in the home for learning and fun. But probably the greatest achievement of Joe Weisbecker’s visionary CPU was when it was used as the brains of the NASA Galileo probe that orbited Jupiter. · The Photobit PB-100 image sensor. Spun out from an attempt to make faster, cheaper, and better cameras for NASA’s later space probes, this sensor first appeared in inexpensive webcams, and its technology became the basis for the smartphone camera revolution. · The Philips TDA7000 radio receiver. This FM radio IC was small enough to put into a pencil, and showed up in countless gadgets. But getting the chip into production over corporate resistance required sneaking illicitly-made demo radios to Japan in order to stoke demand. · The Nvidia NV20 graphics processing unit. Nvidia gambled that making this, the first programmable GPU, would be a desirable boost to developers looking to feed the demand for ever more realistic video games. The NV20 serendipitously opened the door to today’s machine-learning revolution when such programmable GPUs turned out to be the perfect hardware for training deep neural networks. All can be found here: https://spectrum.ieee.org/static/chip-hall-of-fame

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