Thanks Chris, I certainly agree that the history of computing should be engaging with issues of race, challenging narrow ideas of what constitutes “innovation,” moving beyond “firsts,” looking for non-elite contributions, etc. In fact I’m doing some of those things right now in reinterpreting ENIAC history and the recent “Maintainers” initiative shows a broad interest within SIGCIS in these approaches. The problem is that Ayyadurai is a terrible basis on which to broaden our concept of anything. His public relations campaign is intended to make himself the sole inventor of email and it rests on the systematic misrepresentation and distortion of many aspects of history – denial of evidence, changes to his own claims over time, bizarre definitions, etc. According to his website and book “Email has a single inventor. That inventor of email is VA Shiva Ayyadurai. For nearly a decade, Raytheon's subsidiary, BBN, has been falsely promoting that it hosts the "inventor of email", referring to their employee Ray Tomlinson.” His more recent shift of emphasis towards allegations of racism against journalists and historians who refuse to recognize him as the “single inventor” of email is great public relations, but in my view it does a disservice to actual victims of racism. (NB: that’s not to say he hasn’t faced racism in life, merely that this is not the primary reason for skepticism towards his claim to be the sole inventor of email). Best wishes, Tom From: Members [mailto:members-bounces@lists.sigcis.org] On Behalf Of Christopher Leslie Sent: Tuesday, March 08, 2016 10:16 AM To: <thaigh@computer.org> <thaigh@computer.org> Cc: members@sigcis.org Subject: Re: [SIGCIS-Members] "Inventor of Email" campaign targets Ray Tomlinson, "racist" journalists, reality Dear Tom, I understand your claims well. It does not take a lot of digging to realize that electronic messaging was part of timesharing systems ... and if one has an open mind, the point-to-point messaging from Teletype can be seen as an important antecedent as well. I also understand that journalists on a deadline might not be interested in doing this research, so they might need our help. Nevertheless, in a time when the professions are trying to encourage an inclusive atmosphere, I think as a group we could be more open to Drescher and Ayyadurai's commentary. It is a demonstrable fact that STEM as a whole is demographically tilted to white and Asian men and the history of technology as a field often has a bias toward mainstream U.S. figures. While we might be "right" in asserting that email has a long trajectory, like the ubiquitous story of the bicycle, there is a different battle waging around us. If SIGCIS is insensitive to this critique, we run the risk of being on the wrong side of history. Al Gore chose his words badly in 1999 when he said he took the initiative to "invent" the Internet. Yet, many Internet luminaries took the initiative to defend Gore and say that he helped provide a new vision for what the Internet could be. Other examples could be cited. I recognize that Ayyadurai's contribution is more modest in scope and less widespread in influence, but it does no one any harm to say that he like many others saw the potential for what email could become. Chris On Tue, Mar 8, 2016 at 10:56 AM, Thomas Haigh <thaigh@computer.org <mailto:thaigh@computer.org> > wrote: Hello SIGCIS, Perhaps predictably, Ray Tomlinson’s recent death has prompted a new publicity push by Shiva Ayyadurai, the self-proclaimed “inventor of email.” (Backstory at http://www.sigcis.org/ayyadurai). Here are some recent tweets from his wife Fran Drescher, best known as “The Nanny”: “Thank you. Raytheon are plagiarists and liars. Big biz w/o integrity! The worst of the worst! Low roadsters,” and “PO'd! Ray Tomlinson WRONGLY credited 4 email whn EVERY1 honest knos Shiva Ayyadurai <https://twitter.com/va_shiva> @va_shiva invented, has copyright &is a victim of racism.” Also “Th larger issue is the oppression of people of color. There is a narrative in America that white washes innovation. That's the real issue!” Ayyadurai himself has tweeted “White journalists since 2012 have joined in the lynching and whitewashing of facts on <https://twitter.com/hashtag/email?src=hash> #email. I challenge all and any to a f2f debate !!” The new push is reported in a Fortune blog piece, http://fortune.com/2016/03/07/who-really-invented-email/, which quotes SIGCIS at length. (I like its description of us as “an organization comprised of many prominent Internet historians and college professors” rather more than the “internet cabal” description used by Boston Magazine). Ayyadurai seems to be getting almost entirely uncritical coverage in leading Indian publications, including * http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/who-invented-email-ray-tomlinson... * http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/On-Mahashivaratri-email-pioneer-... * http://indianexpress.com/article/technology/tech-news-technology/the-invento... There’s a somewhat more nuanced, but still not entirely accurate, report (quoting SIGCIS) at http://thewire.in/2016/03/08/did-shiva-ayyadurai-invent-email-it-isnt-simple... <http://thewire.in/2016/03/08/did-shiva-ayyadurai-invent-email-it-isnt-simple-and-youre-probably-missing-the-point-24149/#disqus_thread> . So there’s fascinating story of historical techno nationalism developing here, in that Ayyadurai’s new focus on alleged racism as the only reason for disputing his claim to have invented email seems to be enough to win him widespread acceptance in India despite the obvious reality-based problems with claiming to have invented something that was already in widespread use. Best wishes, Tom _______________________________________________ This email is relayed from members at sigcis.org <http://sigcis.org> , the email discussion list of SHOT SIGCIS. Opinions expressed here are those of the member posting and are not reviewed, edited, or endorsed by SIGCIS. The list archives are at http://lists.sigcis.org/pipermail/members-sigcis.org/ and you can change your subscription options at http://lists.sigcis.org/listinfo.cgi/members-sigcis.org -- Christopher S. Leslie, Ph.D. Co-Director and Lecturer, Science and Technology Studies Faculty Fellow in Residence for Othmer Hall and Clark Street Vice Chair, IFIP History of Computing Working Group 9.7 NYU Tandon School of Engineering 5 MetroTech Center, LC 131 Brooklyn, NY 11201 (646) 997-3130

Regarding email and Ray Tomlinson. 1. BBN's marketing people sometimes would simplify things and say that Ray invented email. We technical people (including Ray himself) constantly corrected them to say something like "Ray did the first demonstration of networked email". To a considerable extent that became the BBN corporate description as the years went be. 2. The popular press likes to claim too many firsts by too few people, and this has happened in the case of Ray and email. 3. I haven't seen much change in status quote of who says what at BBN since the Raytheon acquisition of BBN 3. Therefore, I see the Ayyadurai claim that BBN Raytheon is on a campaign to promote Ray as THE inventor of email is a bogus debating tactic. 4. Ray himself was always modest about what he did, and he did not over claim. 5. I believe that seeing Ray's rudimentary networked email setup in 1971 operating over the ARPANET gave many of the rest of us (beyond a few key visionaries who may already have seen into the future) and image of what the Internet could become -- digital communication among everyone everywhere. 6. There was email development work before Ray's initial demonstration. There was lots more in the decades after Ray's initial demonstration. But Ray's demonstration to my mind was bigger than just email; it was provided an image (at least to me) of what the Internet could become (from that moment I was thinking about what we now call the Internet of things -- "a packet switch in every door knob and toaster"). Dave Walden (BBN, 1967-1995) On 3/8/2016 11:38 AM, Thomas Haigh wrote:

Thanks Chris,

I certainly agree that the history of computing should be engaging with issues of race, challenging narrow ideas of what constitutes “innovation,” moving beyond “firsts,” looking for non-elite contributions, etc. In fact I’m doing some of those things right now in reinterpreting ENIAC history and the recent “Maintainers” initiative shows a broad interest within SIGCIS in these approaches.

The problem is that Ayyadurai is a terrible basis on which to broaden our concept of anything. His public relations campaign is intended to make himself the sole inventor of email and it rests on the systematic misrepresentation and distortion of many aspects of history – denial of evidence, changes to his own claims over time, bizarre definitions, etc. According to his website and book “Email has a single inventor. That inventor of email is VA Shiva Ayyadurai. For nearly a decade, Raytheon's subsidiary, BBN, has been falsely promoting that it hosts the "inventor of email", referring to their employee Ray Tomlinson.” His more recent shift of emphasis towards allegations of racism against journalists and historians who refuse to recognize him as the “single inventor” of email is great public relations, but in my view it does a disservice to actual victims of racism. (NB: that’s not to say he hasn’t faced racism in life, merely that this is not the primary reason for skepticism towards his claim to be the sole inventor of email).

Best wishes,

Tom

*From:*Members [mailto:members-bounces@lists.sigcis.org] *On Behalf Of *Christopher Leslie *Sent:* Tuesday, March 08, 2016 10:16 AM *To:* <thaigh@computer.org> <thaigh@computer.org> *Cc:* members@sigcis.org *Subject:* Re: [SIGCIS-Members] "Inventor of Email" campaign targets Ray Tomlinson, "racist" journalists, reality

Dear Tom,

I understand your claims well. It does not take a lot of digging to realize that electronic messaging was part of timesharing systems ... and if one has an open mind, the point-to-point messaging from Teletype can be seen as an important antecedent as well. I also understand that journalists on a deadline might not be interested in doing this research, so they might need our help.

Nevertheless, in a time when the professions are trying to encourage an inclusive atmosphere, I think as a group we could be more open to Drescher and Ayyadurai's commentary. It is a demonstrable fact that STEM as a whole is demographically tilted to white and Asian men and the history of technology as a field often has a bias toward mainstream U.S. figures. While we might be "right" in asserting that email has a long trajectory, like the ubiquitous story of the bicycle, there is a different battle waging around us. If SIGCIS is insensitive to this critique, we run the risk of being on the wrong side of history.

Al Gore chose his words badly in 1999 when he said he took the initiative to "invent" the Internet. Yet, many Internet luminaries took the initiative to defend Gore and say that he helped provide a new vision for what the Internet could be. Other examples could be cited. I recognize that Ayyadurai's contribution is more modest in scope and less widespread in influence, but it does no one any harm to say that he like many others saw the potential for what email could become.

Chris

On Tue, Mar 8, 2016 at 10:56 AM, Thomas Haigh <thaigh@computer.org <mailto:thaigh@computer.org>> wrote:

Hello SIGCIS,

Perhaps predictably, Ray Tomlinson’s recent death has prompted a new publicity push by Shiva Ayyadurai, the self-proclaimed “inventor of email.” (Backstory at http://www.sigcis.org/ayyadurai). Here are some recent tweets from his wife Fran Drescher, best known as “The Nanny”: “Thank you. Raytheon are plagiarists and liars. Big biz w/o integrity! The worst of the worst! Low roadsters,” and “PO'd! Ray Tomlinson WRONGLY credited 4 email whn EVERY1 honest knos Shiva Ayyadurai @va_shiva <https://twitter.com/va_shiva> invented, has copyright &is a victim of racism.” Also “Th larger issue is the oppression of people of color. There is a narrative in America that white washes innovation. That's the real issue!” Ayyadurai himself has tweeted “White journalists since 2012 have joined in the lynching and whitewashing of facts on #email <https://twitter.com/hashtag/email?src=hash>. I challenge all and any to a f2f debate !!”

The new push is reported in a Fortune blog piece, http://fortune.com/2016/03/07/who-really-invented-email/, which quotes SIGCIS at length. (I like its description of us as “an organization comprised of many prominent Internet historians and college professors” rather more than the “internet cabal” description used by Boston Magazine).

Ayyadurai seems to be getting almost entirely uncritical coverage in leading Indian publications, including

·http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/who-invented-email-ray-tomlinson...

·http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/On-Mahashivaratri-email-pioneer-...

·http://indianexpress.com/article/technology/tech-news-technology/the-invento...

There’s a somewhat more nuanced, but still not entirely accurate, report (quoting SIGCIS) at http://thewire.in/2016/03/08/did-shiva-ayyadurai-invent-email-it-isnt-simple... <http://thewire.in/2016/03/08/did-shiva-ayyadurai-invent-email-it-isnt-simple-and-youre-probably-missing-the-point-24149/#disqus_thread>.

So there’s fascinating story of historical techno nationalism developing here, in that Ayyadurai’s new focus on alleged racism as the only reason for disputing his claim to have invented email seems to be enough to win him widespread acceptance in India despite the obvious reality-based problems with claiming to have invented something that was already in widespread use.

Best wishes,

Tom

_______________________________________________ This email is relayed from members at sigcis.org <http://sigcis.org>, the email discussion list of SHOT SIGCIS. Opinions expressed here are those of the member posting and are not reviewed, edited, or endorsed by SIGCIS. The list archives are at http://lists.sigcis.org/pipermail/members-sigcis.org/ and you can change your subscription options at http://lists.sigcis.org/listinfo.cgi/members-sigcis.org

--

Christopher S. Leslie, Ph.D.

Co-Director and Lecturer, Science and Technology Studies

Faculty Fellow in Residence for Othmer Hall and Clark Street

Vice Chair, IFIP History of Computing Working Group 9.7

NYU Tandon School of Engineering

5 MetroTech Center, LC 131

Brooklyn, NY 11201

(646) 997-3130

_______________________________________________ This email is relayed from members at sigcis.org, the email discussion list of SHOT SIGCIS. Opinions expressed here are those of the member posting and are not reviewed, edited, or endorsed by SIGCIS. The list archives are at http://lists.sigcis.org/pipermail/members-sigcis.org/ and you can change your subscription options at http://lists.sigcis.org/listinfo.cgi/members-sigcis.org

-- 12 Linden Road, East Sandwich, 02537 landline=508-888-7655; cell=774-205-3203 website=walden-family.com

I think part of the issue is that what Ayyadurai did (and he probably did something impressive for a young person) was not part of what evolved into email as we know it today. It could be the right thing to acknowledge in an email history paper that Ayyadurai did some email'sh things on his own at a certain point in the overall email timeline (starting way before Ayyadurai). The problem is caused by Ayyadurai claiming he and he alone invented email (defined by him to exclude anything before and perhaps afterwards) when the rest of the world knows a much broader history. If Ayyadurai would claim what he actually did (designed, implemented, trademarked) and noted where it fits in the history of email, it would be another interesting story or something the was innovative in its way but didn't have much impact. I bet no one would have much objection to that. (PS, there are people with Ayyadurai's ethnic background who are widely recognized for their computing innovations.) On 3/8/2016 11:15 AM, Christopher Leslie wrote:

Dear Tom,

I understand your claims well. It does not take a lot of digging to realize that electronic messaging was part of timesharing systems ... and if one has an open mind, the point-to-point messaging from Teletype can be seen as an important antecedent as well. I also understand that journalists on a deadline might not be interested in doing this research, so they might need our help.

Nevertheless, in a time when the professions are trying to encourage an inclusive atmosphere, I think as a group we could be more open to Drescher and Ayyadurai's commentary. It is a demonstrable fact that STEM as a whole is demographically tilted to white and Asian men and the history of technology as a field often has a bias toward mainstream U.S. figures. While we might be "right" in asserting that email has a long trajectory, like the ubiquitous story of the bicycle, there is a different battle waging around us. If SIGCIS is insensitive to this critique, we run the risk of being on the wrong side of history.

Al Gore chose his words badly in 1999 when he said he took the initiative to "invent" the Internet. Yet, many Internet luminaries took the initiative to defend Gore and say that he helped provide a new vision for what the Internet could be. Other examples could be cited. I recognize that Ayyadurai's contribution is more modest in scope and less widespread in influence, but it does no one any harm to say that he like many others saw the potential for what email could become.

Chris

I read the Indian newspaper articles referred to by Tom, and one thing becomes clear (which those journals also generally acknowledge): Email as a concept has been a progression of developments, which includes EMAIL (copyrighted by Shiva Ayyadurai). So Ray Tomlinson's use of the @ symbol to transmit emails to different servers was a progression on earlier messaging systems. And Ayyadurai's was an additional development. If Shiva can make claims, so can many others. However, I agree with Christopher Lee when he writes " It is a demonstrable fact that STEM as a whole is demographically tilted to white and Asian men and the history of technology as a field often has a bias toward mainstream U.S. figures." As a matter of fact, when I read or listen to the recent attempts to develop a vaccine for the Zika virus, I am amused at the US-centric focus of the narratives. I know that many others are involved in this race to develop the Zika virus, and a top contender is an India pharma company! (http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-02-12/who-says-indian-company-ni...). But in all the narratives, whether in NPR or NYTimes, I don't ever get that part of the story. And it seems like Shiva has latched on to that "tilt" to further his own claims! 'Best, -Ramesh --------------------------------------------------------------------- Ramesh Subramanian, Ph.D. Gabriel Ferrucci Professor of Computer Information Systems Quinnipiac University Hamden, CT 06518. Phone: 203-582-5276 Email:rameshs@quinnipiac.edu Web: http://www.quinnipiac.edu/about/directory/faculty-detail/?Dept=16&Person=23345 & Fellow, Yale Law School - Information Society Project New Haven, CT 06511 Email: ramesh.subramanian@yale.edu Web: http://www.law.yale.edu/intellectuallife/9841.htm ________________________________________ From: Members [members-bounces@lists.sigcis.org] on behalf of Dag Spicer [dspicer@computerhistory.org] Sent: Tuesday, March 08, 2016 11:32 AM To: Thomas Haigh Cc: members@sigcis.org Subject: Re: [SIGCIS-Members] "Inventor of Email" campaign targets Ray Tomlinson, "racist" journalists, reality Just when you think SA can’t sink any lower… and now playing the race card. An indication perhaps that he’s decided he can longer defend his other lines of argument? He’s the Donald Trump of Email — careless with his language (“lynching??”), self-absorbed, unconcerned with facts, and pandering, like a technological Rasputin, to people’s old wounds (in this case colonialism/racism). Rally appreciate these updates Tom. They give us the tools to speak about this if we are ever asked. Let’s keep up the fight! Dag -- Dag Spicer Senior Curator Computer History Museum Editorial Board, IEEE Annals of the History of Computing 1401 North Shoreline Boulevard Mountain View, CA 94043-1311 Tel: +1 650 810 1035 Fax: +1 650 810 1055 On Mar 8, 2016, at 7:56 AM, Thomas Haigh <thaigh@computer.org<mailto:thaigh@computer.org>> wrote: Hello SIGCIS, Perhaps predictably, Ray Tomlinson’s recent death has prompted a new publicity push by Shiva Ayyadurai, the self-proclaimed “inventor of email.” (Backstory at https://websitecheck.quinnipiac.edu/canit/urlproxy.php?_q=aHR0cDovL3d3dy5zaWdjaXMub3JnL2F5eWFkdXJhaQ%3D%3D&_r=cXVpbm5pcGlhYy1lZHU%3D). Here are some recent tweets from his wife Fran Drescher, best known as “The Nanny”: “Thank you. Raytheon are plagiarists and liars. Big biz w/o integrity! The worst of the worst! Low roadsters,” and “PO'd! Ray Tomlinson WRONGLY credited 4 email whn EVERY1 honest knos Shiva Ayyadurai @va_shiva<https://websitecheck.quinnipiac.edu/canit/urlproxy.php?_q=aHR0cHM6Ly90d2l0dGVyLmNvbS92YV9zaGl2YQ%3D%3D&_r=cXVpbm5pcGlhYy1lZHU%3D> invented, has copyright &is a victim of racism.” Also “Th larger issue is the oppression of people of color. There is a narrative in America that white washes innovation. That's the real issue!” Ayyadurai himself has tweeted “White journalists since 2012 have joined in the lynching and whitewashing of facts on #email<https://websitecheck.quinnipiac.edu/canit/urlproxy.php?_q=aHR0cHM6Ly90d2l0dGVyLmNvbS9oYXNodGFnL2VtYWlsP3NyYz1oYXNo&_r=cXVpbm5pcGlhYy1lZHU%3D>. I challenge all and any to a f2f debate !!” The new push is reported in a Fortune blog piece, https://websitecheck.quinnipiac.edu/canit/urlproxy.php?_q=aHR0cDovL2ZvcnR1bmUuY29tLzIwMTYvMDMvMDcvd2hvLXJlYWxseS1pbnZlbnRlZC1lbWFpbC8%3D&_r=cXVpbm5pcGlhYy1lZHU%3D, which quotes SIGCIS at length. (I like its description of us as “an organization comprised of many prominent Internet historians and college professors” rather more than the “internet cabal” description used by Boston Magazine). Ayyadurai seems to be getting almost entirely uncritical coverage in leading Indian publications, including • https://websitecheck.quinnipiac.edu/canit/urlproxy.php?_q=aHR0cDovL3d3dy50aGVoaW5kdS5jb20vc2NpLXRlY2gvdGVjaG5vbG9neS93aG8taW52ZW50ZWQtZW1haWwtcmF5LXRvbWxpbnNvbi1vci1zaGl2YS1heXlhZHVyYWkvYXJ0aWNsZTgzMjM5ODcuZWNl&_r=cXVpbm5pcGlhYy1lZHU%3D • https://websitecheck.quinnipiac.edu/canit/urlproxy.php?_q=aHR0cDovL3RpbWVzb2ZpbmRpYS5pbmRpYXRpbWVzLmNvbS93b3JsZC91cy9Pbi1NYWhhc2hpdmFyYXRyaS1lbWFpbC1waW9uZWVyLVNoaXZhLUF5eWFkdXJhaS1wcmF5cy1mb3ItcmVjb2duaXRpb24vYXJ0aWNsZXNob3cvNTEyOTczMDUuY21z&_r=cXVpbm5pcGlhYy1lZHU%3D • https://websitecheck.quinnipiac.edu/canit/urlproxy.php?_q=aHR0cDovL2luZGlhbmV4cHJlc3MuY29tL2FydGljbGUvdGVjaG5vbG9neS90ZWNoLW5ld3MtdGVjaG5vbG9neS90aGUtaW52ZW50b3Itb2YtZW1haWwtaXMtc3RpbGwtYWxpdmUtc2F5cy1pbmRpYS1ib3JuLXNjaWVudGlzdC8%3D&_r=cXVpbm5pcGlhYy1lZHU%3D There’s a somewhat more nuanced, but still not entirely accurate, report (quoting SIGCIS) at https://websitecheck.quinnipiac.edu/canit/urlproxy.php?_q=aHR0cDovL3RoZXdpcmUuaW4vMjAxNi8wMy8wOC9kaWQtc2hpdmEtYXl5YWR1cmFpLWludmVudC1lbWFpbC1pdC1pc250LXNpbXBsZS1hbmQteW91cmUtcHJvYmFibHktbWlzc2luZy10aGUtcG9pbnQtMjQxNDk%3D&_r=cXVpbm5pcGlhYy1lZHU%3D<https://websitecheck.quinnipiac.edu/canit/urlproxy.php?_q=aHR0cDovL3RoZXdpcmUuaW4vMjAxNi8wMy8wOC9kaWQtc2hpdmEtYXl5YWR1cmFpLWludmVudC1lbWFpbC1pdC1pc250LXNpbXBsZS1hbmQteW91cmUtcHJvYmFibHktbWlzc2luZy10aGUtcG9pbnQtMjQxNDkvI2Rpc3F1c190aHJlYWQ%3D&_r=cXVpbm5pcGlhYy1lZHU%3D>. So there’s fascinating story of historical techno nationalism developing here, in that Ayyadurai’s new focus on alleged racism as the only reason for disputing his claim to have invented email seems to be enough to win him widespread acceptance in India despite the obvious reality-based problems with claiming to have invented something that was already in widespread use. Best wishes, Tom _______________________________________________ This email is relayed from members at sigcis.org<https://websitecheck.quinnipiac.edu/canit/urlproxy.php?_q=aHR0cDovL3NpZ2Npcy5vcmcv&_r=cXVpbm5pcGlhYy1lZHU%3D>, the email discussion list of SHOT SIGCIS. Opinions expressed here are those of the member posting and are not reviewed, edited, or endorsed by SIGCIS. The list archives are at https://websitecheck.quinnipiac.edu/canit/urlproxy.php?_q=aHR0cDovL2xpc3RzLnNpZ2Npcy5vcmcvcGlwZXJtYWlsL21lbWJlcnMtc2lnY2lzLm9yZy8%3D&_r=cXVpbm5pcGlhYy1lZHU%3D and you can change your subscription options at https://websitecheck.quinnipiac.edu/canit/urlproxy.php?_q=aHR0cDovL2xpc3RzLnNpZ2Npcy5vcmcvbGlzdGluZm8uY2dpL21lbWJlcnMtc2lnY2lzLm9yZw%3D%3D&_r=cXVpbm5pcGlhYy1lZHU%3D _______________________________________________ This email is relayed from members at sigcis.org, the email discussion list of SHOT SIGCIS. Opinions expressed here are those of the member posting and are not reviewed, edited, or endorsed by SIGCIS. The list archives are at https://websitecheck.quinnipiac.edu/canit/urlproxy.php?_q=aHR0cDovL2xpc3RzLnNpZ2Npcy5vcmcvcGlwZXJtYWlsL21lbWJlcnMtc2lnY2lzLm9yZy8%3D&_r=cXVpbm5pcGlhYy1lZHU%3D and you can change your subscription options at https://websitecheck.quinnipiac.edu/canit/urlproxy.php?_q=aHR0cDovL2xpc3RzLnNpZ2Npcy5vcmcvbGlzdGluZm8uY2dpL21lbWJlcnMtc2lnY2lzLm9yZw%3D%3D&_r=cXVpbm5pcGlhYy1lZHU%3D