Re: [SIGCIS-Members] A paper on Konrad Zuse and Percy Ludgate
Hi Evan: Many thanks to you and the others who have sent us encouraging comments about our paper, either via SIGCIS or by direct email. I strongly agree with your suggestion that “There could be a paper on the topic of failed patent defences in computer history”. However, this would need expertise in patent law and literature, so is not something I or my colleagues would attempt. We did search for relevant online material about computer patents, but just about everything we found was either about software patenting, or just the ENIAC patent dispute – we failed to find anything useful about the overall roles that patents played during the development of the early computers and the beginnings of the computer industry, in any country. Cheers Brian — School of Computing, Newcastle University, 1 Science Square, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5TG EMAIL = Brian.Randell@ncl.ac.uk PHONE = +44 191 208 7923 URL = https://www.ncl.ac.uk/computing/staff/profile/brianrandell.html On 28/03/2024, 13:28, "Evan Koblentz" <evank@njit.edu> wrote: Hello Brian, Excellent reading! There could be a paper on the topic of failed patent defenses in computer history. Comparing Triumph vs. Zuse and Honeywell vs. Rand might be especially interesting. -- Evan Koblentz New Jersey Institute of Technology - Senior Writer, Office of Communications and Marketing - Adjunct Instructor, Ying Wu College of Computing - Faculty/Staff Advisor, NJIT Lego Club evank@njit.edu<mailto:evank@njit.edu> <mailto:evank@njit.edu<mailto:evank@njit.edu>> (973) 596-3065 https://web.njit.edu/~evank <https://web.njit.edu/~evank/><https://web.njit.edu/~evank/%3e> On 3/28/24 6:19 AM, Brian Randell via Members wrote: Dear SIGCIS: I trust I might be permitted to publicise here the fact that the paper: "How Percy Ludgate’s 1909 paper (and IBM) helped thwart Konrad Zuse’s Computer Patent in 1960" by Brian Coghlan, Ralf Buelow and myself has been Dear SIGCIS: I trust I might be permitted to publicise here the fact that the paper: "How Percy Ludgate’s 1909 paper (and IBM) helped thwart Konrad Zuse’s Computer Patent in 1960" by Brian Coghlan, Ralf Buelow and myself has been accepted for publication in the IEEE Annals of the History of Computing. It is due to appear in Volume 46, Issue 3, July-September 2024. Paper Abstract: "This investigation outlines how Percy Ludgate’s 1909 paper describing his design for a mechanical computer, his “Analytical Machine”, was used in 1960 by a German patent attorney to thwart Konrad Zuse’s computer patent, just in time, as the patent (first applied for on 16th June 1941), was about to be granted. This narrative is then followed by analyses of, and discovery of proof of, the role of IBM in preventing Zuse from getting what would have been the premier patent on the concept of a programmable computer, and then by an exploration of how information about Ludgate’s 1909 paper was found by (or for) the opposing German patent attorney." The accepted paper is available online at: https://www.scss.tcd.ie/SCSSTreasuresCatalog/ludgate/lnk131.html <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.scss.tcd.ie/SCSSTreasuresCatalog/ludgate/lnk131.html__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-A0ySd2RE$<https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.scss.tcd.ie/SCSSTreasuresCatalog/ludgate/lnk131.html__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-A0ySd2RE$>> In addition, English translations of all the relevant Zuse patent litigation documents are provided onlne (side-by-side with transcriptions of the German originals from the ZIB.de <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://ZIB.de__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-AVjGhNW8$<https://urldefense.com/v3/__http:/ZIB.de__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-AVjGhNW8$>> Zuse Archive file as interleaved PDF documents), together with a large number of other supporting documents, at: https://www.scss.tcd.ie/SCSSTreasuresCatalog/ludgate/lnk610.html <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.scss.tcd.ie/SCSSTreasuresCatalog/ludgate/lnk610.html__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-A1AL-4cc$<https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.scss.tcd.ie/SCSSTreasuresCatalog/ludgate/lnk610.html__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-A1AL-4cc$>> Quoting from our paper's Concluding Remarks: "The very fact that Ludgate’s 1909 paper on his Analytical Machine was employed to thwart Zuse’s attempt to patent the computer refutes the prevalent assumption that Ludgate had no influence on modern computing, and that his work is just of historical interest. Whatever the scale of their influence, patents can impact the commercial activities in the sector they apply to. Hence Ludgate’s paper clearly did have a potential influence on the commercial future of computers, even if his work was unknown to the developers of the early electronic computers. However, we have deliberately avoided speculating on the types or the extent of the possible commercial consequences, either to Zuse’s company, or to the rest of the computer industry, of the thwarting of Zuse’s attempts to obtain what would have been the first patent on a programmable computer." We would however be interested to receive informed comments on this issue, and also suggestions as to any further avenues we might pursue in attempting to identify exactly how information on Ludgate's work reached the opposing patent attorney. Cheers Brian Randell — School of Computing, Newcastle University, 1 Science Square, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5TG EMAIL = Brian.Randell@ncl.ac.uk<mailto:Brian.Randell@ncl.ac.uk> <mailto:Brian.Randell@ncl.ac.uk<mailto:Brian.Randell@ncl.ac.uk>> PHONE = +44 191 208 7923 URL = https://www.ncl.ac.uk/computing/staff/profile/brianrandell.html <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.ncl.ac.uk/computing/staff/profile/brianrandell.html__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-A2tXNJHw$<https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.ncl.ac.uk/computing/staff/profile/brianrandell.html__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-A2tXNJHw$>> _______________________________________________ This email is relayed from members at https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://sigcis.org__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-ATNjONmY$<https://urldefense.com/v3/__http:/sigcis.org__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-ATNjONmY$> <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://sigcis.org__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-ATNjONmY$<https://urldefense.com/v3/__http:/sigcis.org__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-ATNjONmY$>> , the email discussion list of SHOT SIGCIS. 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Hello, there is a wikipedia entry https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartphone_patent_wars and I dimly remember litigation about the invention of the Sony Walkman. There was also a patent trial about early Game consoles, Atari vs.Magnavox, see <https://thinksetmag.com/insights/digital-detective-pong> In the early 1950s there were some conflicts (but no litigation IIRC) in the field of core memories, as there were some big names involved, MIT, Wang, IBM. Best wishes from Berlin Ralf Buelow -----Original-Nachricht----- Betreff: Re: [SIGCIS-Members] A paper on Konrad Zuse and Percy Ludgate Datum: 2024-04-05T13:00:01+0200 Von: "Brian Randell" <brian.randell@newcastle.ac.uk> An: "Evan Koblentz" <evank@njit.edu> Hi Evan: Many thanks to you and the others who have sent us encouraging comments about our paper, either via SIGCIS or by direct email. I strongly agree with your suggestion that “There could be a paper on the topic of failed patent defences in computer history”. However, this would need expertise in patent law and literature, so is not something I or my colleagues would attempt. We did search for relevant online material about computer patents, but just about everything we found was either about software patenting, or just the ENIAC patent dispute – we failed to find anything useful about the overall roles that patents played during the development of the early computers and the beginnings of the computer industry, in any country. Cheers Brian — School of Computing, Newcastle University, 1 Science Square, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5TG EMAIL = Brian.Randell@ncl.ac.uk PHONE = +44 191 208 7923 URL = https://www.ncl.ac.uk/computing/staff/profile/brianrandell.html On 28/03/2024, 13:28, "Evan Koblentz" <evank@njit.edu> wrote: Hello Brian, Excellent reading! There could be a paper on the topic of failed patent defenses in computer history. Comparing Triumph vs. Zuse and Honeywell vs. Rand might be especially interesting. -- Evan Koblentz New Jersey Institute of Technology - Senior Writer, Office of Communications and Marketing - Adjunct Instructor, Ying Wu College of Computing - Faculty/Staff Advisor, NJIT Lego Club evank@njit.edu <mailto:evank@njit.edu> <mailto:evank@njit.edu <mailto:evank@njit.edu> > (973) 596-3065<https://web.njit.edu/~evank> <https://web.njit.edu/~evank/> <https://web.njit.edu/~evank/%3e> On 3/28/24 6:19 AM, Brian Randell via Members wrote: Dear SIGCIS: I trust I might be permitted to publicise here the fact that the paper: "How Percy Ludgate’s 1909 paper (and IBM) helped thwart Konrad Zuse’s Computer Patent in 1960" by Brian Coghlan, Ralf Buelow and myself has been Dear SIGCIS: I trust I might be permitted to publicise here the fact that the paper: "How Percy Ludgate’s 1909 paper (and IBM) helped thwart Konrad Zuse’s Computer Patent in 1960" by Brian Coghlan, Ralf Buelow and myself has been accepted for publication in the IEEE Annals of the History of Computing. It is due to appear in Volume 46, Issue 3, July-September 2024. Paper Abstract: "This investigation outlines how Percy Ludgate’s 1909 paper describing his design for a mechanical computer, his “Analytical Machine”, was used in 1960 by a German patent attorney to thwart Konrad Zuse’s computer patent, just in time, as the patent (first applied for on 16th June 1941), was about to be granted. This narrative is then followed by analyses of, and discovery of proof of, the role of IBM in preventing Zuse from getting what would have been the premier patent on the concept of a programmable computer, and then by an exploration of how information about Ludgate’s 1909 paper was found by (or for) the opposing German patent attorney." The accepted paper is available online at: <https://www.scss.tcd.ie/SCSSTreasuresCatalog/ludgate/lnk131.html> < https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.scss.tcd.ie/SCSSTreasuresCatalog/lud... <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.scss.tcd.ie/SCSSTreasuresCatalog/ludgate/lnk131.html__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-A0ySd2RE$> > In addition, English translations of all the relevant Zuse patent litigation documents are provided onlne (side-by-side with transcriptions of the German originals from the ZIB.de < https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://ZIB.de__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZ... <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http:/ZIB.de__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-AVjGhNW8$> > Zuse Archive file as interleaved PDF documents), together with a large number of other supporting documents, at: <https://www.scss.tcd.ie/SCSSTreasuresCatalog/ludgate/lnk610.html> < https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.scss.tcd.ie/SCSSTreasuresCatalog/lud... <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.scss.tcd.ie/SCSSTreasuresCatalog/ludgate/lnk610.html__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-A1AL-4cc$> > Quoting from our paper's Concluding Remarks: "The very fact that Ludgate’s 1909 paper on his Analytical Machine was employed to thwart Zuse’s attempt to patent the computer refutes the prevalent assumption that Ludgate had no influence on modern computing, and that his work is just of historical interest. Whatever the scale of their influence, patents can impact the commercial activities in the sector they apply to. Hence Ludgate’s paper clearly did have a potential influence on the commercial future of computers, even if his work was unknown to the developers of the early electronic computers. However, we have deliberately avoided speculating on the types or the extent of the possible commercial consequences, either to Zuse’s company, or to the rest of the computer industry, of the thwarting of Zuse’s attempts to obtain what would have been the first patent on a programmable computer." We would however be interested to receive informed comments on this issue, and also suggestions as to any further avenues we might pursue in attempting to identify exactly how information on Ludgate's work reached the opposing patent attorney. Cheers Brian Randell — School of Computing, Newcastle University, 1 Science Square, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5TG EMAIL = Brian.Randell@ncl.ac.uk <mailto:Brian.Randell@ncl.ac.uk> <mailto:Brian.Randell@ncl.ac.uk <mailto:Brian.Randell@ncl.ac.uk> > PHONE = +44 191 208 7923 URL = https://www.ncl.ac.uk/computing/staff/profile/brianrandell.html <https://www.ncl.ac.uk/computing/staff/profile/brianrandell.html> < https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.ncl.ac.uk/computing/staff/profile/br... <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.ncl.ac.uk/computing/staff/profile/brianrandell.html__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-A2tXNJHw$> > _______________________________________________ This email is relayed from members at https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://sigcis.org__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoI... <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http:/sigcis.org__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-ATNjONmY$> < https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://sigcis.org__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoI... <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http:/sigcis.org__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-ATNjONmY$> > , the email discussion list of SHOT SIGCIS. Opinions expressed here are those of the member posting and are not reviewed, edited, or endorsed by SIGCIS. The list archives are at https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://lists.sigcis.org/pipermail/members-sigcis... <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http:/lists.sigcis.org/pipermail/members-sigcis.org/__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-ATi5mk8s$> < https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://lists.sigcis.org/pipermail/members-sigcis... <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http:/lists.sigcis.org/pipermail/members-sigcis.org/__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-ATi5mk8s$> > and you can change your subscription options at https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://lists.sigcis.org/listinfo.cgi/members-sig... <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http:/lists.sigcis.org/listinfo.cgi/members-sigcis.org__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-AhWOepcE$> < https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://lists.sigcis.org/listinfo.cgi/members-sig... <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http:/lists.sigcis.org/listinfo.cgi/members-sigcis.org__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-AhWOepcE$> >
Hi all, Con Diaz<https://www.condiaz.com/> wrote an excellent book on software patenting in the USA. Best, Dr. Troy Kaighin Astarte (they/them / nhw) 📲 I may need to dictate messages occasionally due to RSI. Please forgive any strange spelling. Lecturer, Computer Science / Darlithydd, Cyfrifiadureg Swansea University / Prifysgol Abertawe On 15 Apr 2024, at 12:32, ralf.buelow--- via Members <members@lists.sigcis.org> wrote: CAUTION: This email originated from outside of Swansea University. Do not click links or open attachments unless you recognise the sender and know the content is safe. RHYBUDD: Daeth yr e-bost hwn o'r tu allan i Brifysgol Abertawe. Peidiwch â chlicio ar atodiadau neu agor atodiadau oni bai eich bod chi'n adnabod yr anfonwr a'ch bod yn gwybod bod y cynnwys yn ddiogel. Hello, there is a wikipedia entry https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartphone_patent_wars and I dimly remember litigation about the invention of the Sony Walkman. There was also a patent trial about early Game consoles, Atari vs.Magnavox, see https://thinksetmag.com/insights/digital-detective-pong In the early 1950s there were some conflicts (but no litigation IIRC) in the field of core memories, as there were some big names involved, MIT, Wang, IBM. Best wishes from Berlin Ralf Buelow -----Original-Nachricht----- Betreff: Re: [SIGCIS-Members] A paper on Konrad Zuse and Percy Ludgate Datum: 2024-04-05T13:00:01+0200 Von: "Brian Randell" <brian.randell@newcastle.ac.uk> An: "Evan Koblentz" <evank@njit.edu> Hi Evan: Many thanks to you and the others who have sent us encouraging comments about our paper, either via SIGCIS or by direct email. I strongly agree with your suggestion that “There could be a paper on the topic of failed patent defences in computer history”. However, this would need expertise in patent law and literature, so is not something I or my colleagues would attempt. We did search for relevant online material about computer patents, but just about everything we found was either about software patenting, or just the ENIAC patent dispute – we failed to find anything useful about the overall roles that patents played during the development of the early computers and the beginnings of the computer industry, in any country. Cheers Brian — School of Computing, Newcastle University, 1 Science Square, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5TG EMAIL = Brian.Randell@ncl.ac.uk PHONE = +44 191 208 7923 URL = https://www.ncl.ac.uk/computing/staff/profile/brianrandell.html On 28/03/2024, 13:28, "Evan Koblentz" <evank@njit.edu> wrote: Hello Brian, Excellent reading! There could be a paper on the topic of failed patent defenses in computer history. Comparing Triumph vs. Zuse and Honeywell vs. Rand might be especially interesting. -- Evan Koblentz New Jersey Institute of Technology - Senior Writer, Office of Communications and Marketing - Adjunct Instructor, Ying Wu College of Computing - Faculty/Staff Advisor, NJIT Lego Club evank@njit.edu<mailto:evank@njit.edu> <mailto:evank@njit.edu<mailto:evank@njit.edu>> (973) 596-3065 https://web.njit.edu/~evank <https://web.njit.edu/~evank/><https://web.njit.edu/~evank/%3e> On 3/28/24 6:19 AM, Brian Randell via Members wrote: Dear SIGCIS: I trust I might be permitted to publicise here the fact that the paper: "How Percy Ludgate’s 1909 paper (and IBM) helped thwart Konrad Zuse’s Computer Patent in 1960" by Brian Coghlan, Ralf Buelow and myself has been Dear SIGCIS: I trust I might be permitted to publicise here the fact that the paper: "How Percy Ludgate’s 1909 paper (and IBM) helped thwart Konrad Zuse’s Computer Patent in 1960" by Brian Coghlan, Ralf Buelow and myself has been accepted for publication in the IEEE Annals of the History of Computing. It is due to appear in Volume 46, Issue 3, July-September 2024. Paper Abstract: "This investigation outlines how Percy Ludgate’s 1909 paper describing his design for a mechanical computer, his “Analytical Machine”, was used in 1960 by a German patent attorney to thwart Konrad Zuse’s computer patent, just in time, as the patent (first applied for on 16th June 1941), was about to be granted. This narrative is then followed by analyses of, and discovery of proof of, the role of IBM in preventing Zuse from getting what would have been the premier patent on the concept of a programmable computer, and then by an exploration of how information about Ludgate’s 1909 paper was found by (or for) the opposing German patent attorney." The accepted paper is available online at: https://www.scss.tcd.ie/SCSSTreasuresCatalog/ludgate/lnk131.html <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.scss.tcd.ie/SCSSTreasuresCatalog/ludgate/lnk131.html__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-A0ySd2RE$<https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.scss.tcd.ie/SCSSTreasuresCatalog/ludgate/lnk131.html__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-A0ySd2RE$>> In addition, English translations of all the relevant Zuse patent litigation documents are provided onlne (side-by-side with transcriptions of the German originals from the ZIB.de <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://ZIB.de__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-AVjGhNW8$<https://urldefense.com/v3/__http:/ZIB.de__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-AVjGhNW8$>> Zuse Archive file as interleaved PDF documents), together with a large number of other supporting documents, at: https://www.scss.tcd.ie/SCSSTreasuresCatalog/ludgate/lnk610.html <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.scss.tcd.ie/SCSSTreasuresCatalog/ludgate/lnk610.html__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-A1AL-4cc$<https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.scss.tcd.ie/SCSSTreasuresCatalog/ludgate/lnk610.html__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-A1AL-4cc$>> Quoting from our paper's Concluding Remarks: "The very fact that Ludgate’s 1909 paper on his Analytical Machine was employed to thwart Zuse’s attempt to patent the computer refutes the prevalent assumption that Ludgate had no influence on modern computing, and that his work is just of historical interest. Whatever the scale of their influence, patents can impact the commercial activities in the sector they apply to. Hence Ludgate’s paper clearly did have a potential influence on the commercial future of computers, even if his work was unknown to the developers of the early electronic computers. However, we have deliberately avoided speculating on the types or the extent of the possible commercial consequences, either to Zuse’s company, or to the rest of the computer industry, of the thwarting of Zuse’s attempts to obtain what would have been the first patent on a programmable computer." We would however be interested to receive informed comments on this issue, and also suggestions as to any further avenues we might pursue in attempting to identify exactly how information on Ludgate's work reached the opposing patent attorney. Cheers Brian Randell — School of Computing, Newcastle University, 1 Science Square, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5TG EMAIL = Brian.Randell@ncl.ac.uk<mailto:Brian.Randell@ncl.ac.uk> <mailto:Brian.Randell@ncl.ac.uk<mailto:Brian.Randell@ncl.ac.uk>> PHONE = +44 191 208 7923 URL = https://www.ncl.ac.uk/computing/staff/profile/brianrandell.html <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.ncl.ac.uk/computing/staff/profile/brianrandell.html__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-A2tXNJHw$<https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.ncl.ac.uk/computing/staff/profile/brianrandell.html__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-A2tXNJHw$>> _______________________________________________ This email is relayed from members at https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://sigcis.org__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-ATNjONmY$<https://urldefense.com/v3/__http:/sigcis.org__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-ATNjONmY$> <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://sigcis.org__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-ATNjONmY$<https://urldefense.com/v3/__http:/sigcis.org__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-ATNjONmY$>> , the email discussion list of SHOT SIGCIS. 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Brian - your finding - or lack thereof - is interesting in and of itself. Thoughts about why? -Julie Julie Cohn, Ph.D. Non-Resident Scholar, Center for Energy Studies Baker Institute for Public Policy, Rice University, and Research Historian, Center for Public History University of Houston https://www.bakerinstitute.org/expert/julie-cohn email: cohnconnor@gmail.com cell: 713.516.0849 Author: The Grid: Biography of an American Technology (MIT Press, 2017) https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/grid
On Apr 5, 2024, at 5:59 AM, Brian Randell via Members <members@lists.sigcis.org> wrote:
Hi Evan:
Many thanks to you and the others who have sent us encouraging comments about our paper, either via SIGCIS or by direct email.
I strongly agree with your suggestion that “There could be a paper on the topic of failed patent defences in computer history”. However, this would need expertise in patent law and literature, so is not something I or my colleagues would attempt.
We did search for relevant online material about computer patents, but just about everything we found was either about software patenting, or just the ENIAC patent dispute – we failed to find anything useful about the overall roles that patents played during the development of the early computers and the beginnings of the computer industry, in any country.
Cheers
Brian
—
School of Computing, Newcastle University, 1 Science Square, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5TG EMAIL = Brian.Randell@ncl.ac.uk <mailto:Brian.Randell@ncl.ac.uk> PHONE = +44 191 208 7923 URL = https://www.ncl.ac.uk/computing/staff/profile/brianrandell.html
On 28/03/2024, 13:28, "Evan Koblentz" <evank@njit.edu <mailto:evank@njit.edu>> wrote:
Hello Brian, Excellent reading! There could be a paper on the topic of failed patent defenses in computer history. Comparing Triumph vs. Zuse and Honeywell vs. Rand might be especially interesting.
-- Evan Koblentz New Jersey Institute of Technology - Senior Writer, Office of Communications and Marketing - Adjunct Instructor, Ying Wu College of Computing - Faculty/Staff Advisor, NJIT Lego Club evank@njit.edu <mailto:evank@njit.edu> <mailto:evank@njit.edu <mailto:evank@njit.edu>> (973) 596-3065 https://web.njit.edu/~evank <https://web.njit.edu/~evank/> <https://web.njit.edu/~evank/%3e>
On 3/28/24 6:19 AM, Brian Randell via Members wrote:
Dear SIGCIS: I trust I might be permitted to publicise here the fact that the paper: "How Percy Ludgate’s 1909 paper (and IBM) helped thwart Konrad Zuse’s Computer Patent in 1960" by Brian Coghlan, Ralf Buelow and myself has been
Dear SIGCIS:
I trust I might be permitted to publicise here the fact that the paper:
"How Percy Ludgate’s 1909 paper (and IBM) helped thwart Konrad Zuse’s Computer Patent in 1960"
by Brian Coghlan, Ralf Buelow and myself has been accepted for publication in the IEEE Annals of the History of Computing. It is due to appear in Volume 46, Issue 3, July-September 2024.
Paper Abstract:
"This investigation outlines how Percy Ludgate’s 1909 paper describing his design for a mechanical computer, his “Analytical Machine”, was used in 1960 by a German patent attorney to thwart Konrad Zuse’s computer patent, just in time, as the patent (first applied for on 16th June 1941), was about to be granted. This narrative is then followed by analyses of, and discovery of proof of, the role of IBM in preventing Zuse from getting what would have been the premier patent on the concept of a programmable computer, and then by an exploration of how information about Ludgate’s 1909 paper was found by (or for) the opposing German patent attorney."
The accepted paper is available online at: https://www.scss.tcd.ie/SCSSTreasuresCatalog/ludgate/lnk131.html<https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.scss.tcd.ie/SCSSTreasuresCatalog/ludgate/lnk131.html__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-A0ySd2RE$ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.scss.tcd.ie/SCSSTreasuresCatalog/ludgate/lnk131.html__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-A0ySd2RE$>> In addition, English translations of all the relevant Zuse patent litigation documents are provided onlne (side-by-side with transcriptions of the German originals from the ZIB.de <http://zib.de/><https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://ZIB.de__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-AVjGhNW8$ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http:/ZIB.de__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-AVjGhNW8$>> Zuse Archive file as interleaved PDF documents), together with a large number of other supporting documents, at: https://www.scss.tcd.ie/SCSSTreasuresCatalog/ludgate/lnk610.html<https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.scss.tcd.ie/SCSSTreasuresCatalog/ludgate/lnk610.html__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-A1AL-4cc$ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.scss.tcd.ie/SCSSTreasuresCatalog/ludgate/lnk610.html__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-A1AL-4cc$>>
Quoting from our paper's Concluding Remarks: "The very fact that Ludgate’s 1909 paper on his Analytical Machine was employed to thwart Zuse’s attempt to patent the computer refutes the prevalent assumption that Ludgate had no influence on modern computing, and that his work is just of historical interest. Whatever the scale of their influence, patents can impact the commercial activities in the sector they apply to. Hence Ludgate’s paper clearly did have a potential influence on the commercial future of computers, even if his work was unknown to the developers of the early electronic computers. However, we have deliberately avoided speculating on the types or the extent of the possible commercial consequences, either to Zuse’s company, or to the rest of the computer industry, of the thwarting of Zuse’s attempts to obtain what would have been the first patent on a programmable computer."
We would however be interested to receive informed comments on this issue, and also suggestions as to any further avenues we might pursue in attempting to identify exactly how information on Ludgate's work reached the opposing patent attorney.
Cheers
Brian Randell
—
School of Computing, Newcastle University, 1 Science Square, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5TG EMAIL = Brian.Randell@ncl.ac.uk <mailto:Brian.Randell@ncl.ac.uk> <mailto:Brian.Randell@ncl.ac.uk <mailto:Brian.Randell@ncl.ac.uk>> PHONE = +44 191 208 7923
URL = https://www.ncl.ac.uk/computing/staff/profile/brianrandell.html<https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.ncl.ac.uk/computing/staff/profile/brianrandell.html__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-A2tXNJHw$ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.ncl.ac.uk/computing/staff/profile/brianrandell.html__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-A2tXNJHw$>>
_______________________________________________ This email is relayed from members athttps://urldefense.com/v3/__http://sigcis.org__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoI... <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http:/sigcis.org__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-ATNjONmY$><https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://sigcis.org__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-ATNjONmY$ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http:/sigcis.org__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-ATNjONmY$>> , the email discussion list of SHOT SIGCIS. Opinions expressed here are those of the member posting and are not reviewed, edited, or endorsed by SIGCIS. The list archives are athttps://urldefense.com/v3/__http://lists.sigcis.org/pipermail/members-sigcis... <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http:/lists.sigcis.org/pipermail/members-sigcis.org/__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-ATi5mk8s$><https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://lists.sigcis.org/pipermail/members-sigcis.org/__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-ATi5mk8s$ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http:/lists.sigcis.org/pipermail/members-sigcis.org/__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-ATi5mk8s$>> and you can change your subscription options at https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://lists.sigcis.org/listinfo.cgi/members-sig... <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http:/lists.sigcis.org/listinfo.cgi/members-sigcis.org__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-AhWOepcE$><https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://lists.sigcis.org/listinfo.cgi/members-sigcis.org__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-AhWOepcE$ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http:/lists.sigcis.org/listinfo.cgi/members-sigcis.org__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-AhWOepcE$>>
_______________________________________________ This email is relayed from members at sigcis.org <http://sigcis.org/>, the email discussion list of SHOT SIGCIS. Opinions expressed here are those of the member posting and are not reviewed, edited, or endorsed by SIGCIS. The list archives are at http://lists.sigcis.org/pipermail/members-sigcis.org/ and you can change your subscription options at http://lists.sigcis.org/listinfo.cgi/members-sigcis.org
Not finding materials does not mean they don't exist, just that they (1) have not been found or (2) are kept in the offices and files of corporate lawyers and the firms with which they outsourced patent work (a very common practice). JimCortada On Fri, Apr 5, 2024 at 11:06 AM Julie Cohn via Members < members@lists.sigcis.org> wrote:
Brian - your finding - or lack thereof - is interesting in and of itself. Thoughts about why? -Julie
Julie Cohn, Ph.D.
Non-Resident Scholar, Center for Energy Studies Baker Institute for Public Policy, Rice University, and Research Historian, Center for Public History University of Houston
https://www.bakerinstitute.org/expert/julie-cohn email: cohnconnor@gmail.com cell: 713.516.0849
Author: *T**he Grid: Biography of an American Technology** (MIT Press, 2017)* https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/grid
On Apr 5, 2024, at 5:59 AM, Brian Randell via Members < members@lists.sigcis.org> wrote:
Hi Evan:
Many thanks to you and the others who have sent us encouraging comments about our paper, either via SIGCIS or by direct email.
I strongly agree with your suggestion that “There could be a paper on the topic of failed patent defences in computer history”. However, this would need expertise in patent law and literature, so is not something I or my colleagues would attempt.
We did search for relevant online material about computer patents, but just about everything we found was either about software patenting, or just the ENIAC patent dispute – we failed to find anything useful about the overall roles that patents played during the development of the early computers and the beginnings of the computer industry, in any country.
Cheers
Brian
—
School of Computing, Newcastle University, 1 Science Square, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5TG EMAIL = Brian.Randell@ncl.ac.uk PHONE = +44 191 208 7923 URL = https://www.ncl.ac.uk/computing/staff/profile/brianrandell.html
On 28/03/2024, 13:28, "Evan Koblentz" <evank@njit.edu> wrote:
Hello Brian, Excellent reading! There could be a paper on the topic of failed patent defenses in computer history. Comparing Triumph vs. Zuse and Honeywell vs. Rand might be especially interesting.
-- Evan Koblentz New Jersey Institute of Technology - Senior Writer, Office of Communications and Marketing - Adjunct Instructor, Ying Wu College of Computing - Faculty/Staff Advisor, NJIT Lego Club evank@njit.edu <mailto:evank@njit.edu> (973) 596-3065 https://web.njit.edu/~evank <https://web.njit.edu/~evank/>
On 3/28/24 6:19 AM, Brian Randell via Members wrote:
Dear SIGCIS: I trust I might be permitted to publicise here the fact that the paper: "How Percy Ludgate’s 1909 paper (and IBM) helped thwart Konrad Zuse’s Computer Patent in 1960" by Brian Coghlan, Ralf Buelow and myself has been
Dear SIGCIS:
I trust I might be permitted to publicise here the fact that the paper:
"How Percy Ludgate’s 1909 paper (and IBM) helped thwart Konrad Zuse’s Computer Patent in 1960"
by Brian Coghlan, Ralf Buelow and myself has been accepted for publication in the IEEE Annals of the History of Computing. It is due to appear in Volume 46, Issue 3, July-September 2024.
Paper Abstract:
"This investigation outlines how Percy Ludgate’s 1909 paper describing his design for a mechanical computer, his “Analytical Machine”, was used in 1960 by a German patent attorney to thwart Konrad Zuse’s computer patent, just in time, as the patent (first applied for on 16th June 1941), was about to be granted. This narrative is then followed by analyses of, and discovery of proof of, the role of IBM in preventing Zuse from getting what would have been the premier patent on the concept of a programmable computer, and then by an exploration of how information about Ludgate’s 1909 paper was found by (or for) the opposing German patent attorney."
The accepted paper is available online at: https://www.scss.tcd.ie/SCSSTreasuresCatalog/ludgate/lnk131.html<; https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.scss.tcd.ie/SCSSTreasuresCatalog/lud... <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.scss.tcd.ie/SCSSTreasuresCatalog/ludgate/lnk131.html__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-A0ySd2RE$>
In addition, English translations of all the relevant Zuse patent litigation documents are provided onlne (side-by-side with transcriptions of the German originals from the ZIB.de <http://zib.de/><; https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://ZIB.de__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZ... <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http:/ZIB.de__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-AVjGhNW8$>> Zuse Archive file as interleaved PDF documents), together with a large number of other supporting documents, at: https://www.scss.tcd.ie/SCSSTreasuresCatalog/ludgate/lnk610.html<; https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.scss.tcd.ie/SCSSTreasuresCatalog/lud... <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.scss.tcd.ie/SCSSTreasuresCatalog/ludgate/lnk610.html__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-A1AL-4cc$>
Quoting from our paper's Concluding Remarks: "The very fact that Ludgate’s 1909 paper on his Analytical Machine was employed to thwart Zuse’s attempt to patent the computer refutes the prevalent assumption that Ludgate had no influence on modern computing, and that his work is just of historical interest. Whatever the scale of their influence, patents can impact the commercial activities in the sector they apply to. Hence Ludgate’s paper clearly did have a potential influence on the commercial future of computers, even if his work was unknown to the developers of the early electronic computers. However, we have deliberately avoided speculating on the types or the extent of the possible commercial consequences, either to Zuse’s company, or to the rest of the computer industry, of the thwarting of Zuse’s attempts to obtain what would have been the first patent on a programmable computer."
We would however be interested to receive informed comments on this issue, and also suggestions as to any further avenues we might pursue in attempting to identify exactly how information on Ludgate's work reached the opposing patent attorney.
Cheers
Brian Randell
—
School of Computing, Newcastle University, 1 Science Square, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5TG EMAIL = Brian.Randell@ncl.ac.uk <mailto:Brian.Randell@ncl.ac.uk> PHONE = +44 191 208 7923
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-- James W. Cortada Senior Research Fellow Charles Babbage Institute University of Minnesota jcortada@umn.edu 608-274-6382
Jim: You are of course right. The sort of expertise that would be needed for a worthwhile account of the role of patents of relevance to the very concept of programmable computers – which was the topic I was concerned with rather than later developments - would of course have to undertake a much more thorough and determined search than the straightforward Google searches I undertook. In fact, my guess is that the most likely sources of relevant expertise, and of knowledge of information resources, are going to be among specialists in business and patent history. (And my experience in IBM many years ago was that patent specialists are a breed apart! :-) Cheers Brian — School of Computing, Newcastle University, 1 Science Square, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5TG EMAIL = Brian.Randell@ncl.ac.uk PHONE = +44 191 208 7923 URL = https://www.ncl.ac.uk/computing/staff/profile/brianrandell.html On 05/04/2024, 17:24, "James Cortada" <jcortada@umn.edu> wrote: Not finding materials does not mean they don't exist, just that they (1) have not been found or (2) are kept in the offices and files of corporate lawyers and the firms with which they outsourced patent work (a very common practice). JimCortada On Fri, Apr 5, 2024 at 11:06 AM Julie Cohn via Members <members@lists.sigcis.org<mailto:members@lists.sigcis.org> <mailto:members@lists.sigcis.org<mailto:members@lists.sigcis.org>>> wrote: Brian - your finding - or lack thereof - is interesting in and of itself. Thoughts about why? -Julie Julie Cohn, Ph.D. Non-Resident Scholar, Center for Energy Studies Baker Institute for Public Policy, Rice University, and Research Historian, Center for Public History University of Houston https://www.bakerinstitute.org/expert/julie-cohn <https://www.bakerinstitute.org/expert/julie-cohn><https://www.bakerinstitute.org/expert/julie-cohn%3e> email: cohnconnor@gmail.com<mailto:cohnconnor@gmail.com> <_blank> cell: 713.516.0849 Author: The Grid: Biography of an American Technology (MIT Press, 2017) https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/grid <https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/grid><https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/grid%3e> On Apr 5, 2024, at 5:59 AM, Brian Randell via Members <members@lists.sigcis.org<mailto:members@lists.sigcis.org> <_blank>> wrote: Hi Evan: Many thanks to you and the others who have sent us encouraging comments about our paper, either via SIGCIS or by direct email. I strongly agree with your suggestion that “There could be a paper on the topic of failed patent defences in computer history”. However, this would need expertise in patent law and literature, so is not something I or my colleagues would attempt. We did search for relevant online material about computer patents, but just about everything we found was either about software patenting, or just the ENIAC patent dispute – we failed to find anything useful about the overall roles that patents played during the development of the early computers and the beginnings of the computer industry, in any country. Cheers Brian — School of Computing, Newcastle University, 1 Science Square, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5TG EMAIL = Brian.Randell@ncl.ac.uk<mailto:Brian.Randell@ncl.ac.uk> <color:blue; text-decoration:underline> PHONE = +44 191 208 7923 URL = https://www.ncl.ac.uk/computing/staff/profile/brianrandell.html <color:blue; text-decoration:underline> On 28/03/2024, 13:28, "Evan Koblentz" <evank@njit.edu<mailto:evank@njit.edu> <color:blue; text-decoration:underline>> wrote: Hello Brian, Excellent reading! There could be a paper on the topic of failed patent defenses in computer history. Comparing Triumph vs. Zuse and Honeywell vs. Rand might be especially interesting. -- Evan Koblentz New Jersey Institute of Technology - Senior Writer, Office of Communications and Marketing - Adjunct Instructor, Ying Wu College of Computing - Faculty/Staff Advisor, NJIT Lego Club evank@njit.edu<mailto:evank@njit.edu> <color:blue; text-decoration:underline> <mailto:evank@njit.edu<mailto:evank@njit.edu> <color:blue; text-decoration:underline>> (973) 596-3065 https://web.njit.edu/~evank <https://web.njit.edu/~evank><https://web.njit.edu/~evank%3e> <https://web.njit.edu/~evank/><https://web.njit.edu/~evank/%3e> <https://web.njit.edu/~evank/%3e><https://web.njit.edu/~evank/%3e%3e> On 3/28/24 6:19 AM, Brian Randell via Members wrote: Dear SIGCIS: I trust I might be permitted to publicise here the fact that the paper: "How Percy Ludgate’s 1909 paper (and IBM) helped thwart Konrad Zuse’s Computer Patent in 1960" by Brian Coghlan, Ralf Buelow and myself has been Dear SIGCIS: I trust I might be permitted to publicise here the fact that the paper: "How Percy Ludgate’s 1909 paper (and IBM) helped thwart Konrad Zuse’s Computer Patent in 1960" by Brian Coghlan, Ralf Buelow and myself has been accepted for publication in the IEEE Annals of the History of Computing. It is due to appear in Volume 46, Issue 3, July-September 2024. Paper Abstract: "This investigation outlines how Percy Ludgate’s 1909 paper describing his design for a mechanical computer, his “Analytical Machine”, was used in 1960 by a German patent attorney to thwart Konrad Zuse’s computer patent, just in time, as the patent (first applied for on 16th June 1941), was about to be granted. This narrative is then followed by analyses of, and discovery of proof of, the role of IBM in preventing Zuse from getting what would have been the premier patent on the concept of a programmable computer, and then by an exploration of how information about Ludgate’s 1909 paper was found by (or for) the opposing German patent attorney." The accepted paper is available online at: https://www.scss.tcd.ie/SCSSTreasuresCatalog/ludgate/lnk131.html <https://www.scss.tcd.ie/SCSSTreasuresCatalog/ludgate/lnk131.html><https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.scss.tcd.ie/SCSSTreasuresCatalog/ludgate/lnk131.html__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-A0ySd2RE$<https://www.scss.tcd.ie/SCSSTreasuresCatalog/ludgate/lnk131.html%3e%3chttps:/urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.scss.tcd.ie/SCSSTreasuresCatalog/ludgate/lnk131.html__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-A0ySd2RE$> <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.scss.tcd.ie/SCSSTreasuresCatalog/ludgate/lnk131.html__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-A0ySd2RE$>> In addition, English translations of all the relevant Zuse patent litigation documents are provided onlne (side-by-side with transcriptions of the German originals from the ZIB.de <http://zib.de/><https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://ZIB.de__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-AVjGhNW8$<http://zib.de/%3e%3chttps:/urldefense.com/v3/__http:/ZIB.de__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-AVjGhNW8$> <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http:/ZIB.de__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-AVjGhNW8$>> Zuse Archive file as interleaved PDF documents), together with a large number of other supporting documents, at: https://www.scss.tcd.ie/SCSSTreasuresCatalog/ludgate/lnk610.html <https://www.scss.tcd.ie/SCSSTreasuresCatalog/ludgate/lnk610.html><https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.scss.tcd.ie/SCSSTreasuresCatalog/ludgate/lnk610.html__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-A1AL-4cc$<https://www.scss.tcd.ie/SCSSTreasuresCatalog/ludgate/lnk610.html%3e%3chttps:/urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.scss.tcd.ie/SCSSTreasuresCatalog/ludgate/lnk610.html__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-A1AL-4cc$> <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.scss.tcd.ie/SCSSTreasuresCatalog/ludgate/lnk610.html__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-A1AL-4cc$>> Quoting from our paper's Concluding Remarks: "The very fact that Ludgate’s 1909 paper on his Analytical Machine was employed to thwart Zuse’s attempt to patent the computer refutes the prevalent assumption that Ludgate had no influence on modern computing, and that his work is just of historical interest. Whatever the scale of their influence, patents can impact the commercial activities in the sector they apply to. Hence Ludgate’s paper clearly did have a potential influence on the commercial future of computers, even if his work was unknown to the developers of the early electronic computers. However, we have deliberately avoided speculating on the types or the extent of the possible commercial consequences, either to Zuse’s company, or to the rest of the computer industry, of the thwarting of Zuse’s attempts to obtain what would have been the first patent on a programmable computer." We would however be interested to receive informed comments on this issue, and also suggestions as to any further avenues we might pursue in attempting to identify exactly how information on Ludgate's work reached the opposing patent attorney. Cheers Brian Randell — School of Computing, Newcastle University, 1 Science Square, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5TG EMAIL = Brian.Randell@ncl.ac.uk<mailto:Brian.Randell@ncl.ac.uk> <color:blue; text-decoration:underline> <mailto:Brian.Randell@ncl.ac.uk<mailto:Brian.Randell@ncl.ac.uk> <color:blue; text-decoration:underline>> PHONE = +44 191 208 7923 URL = https://www.ncl.ac.uk/computing/staff/profile/brianrandell.html <color:blue; text-decoration:underline><https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.ncl.ac.uk/computing/staff/profile/brianrandell.html__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-A2tXNJHw$<https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.ncl.ac.uk/computing/staff/profile/brianrandell.html__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-A2tXNJHw$> <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.ncl.ac.uk/computing/staff/profile/brianrandell.html__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-A2tXNJHw$>> _______________________________________________ This email is relayed from members athttps://urldefense.com/v3/__http://sigcis.org__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoI... <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http:/sigcis.org__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-ATNjONmY$><https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://sigcis.org__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-ATNjONmY$<https://urldefense.com/v3/__http:/sigcis.org__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-ATNjONmY$> <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http:/sigcis.org__;!!DLa72PTfQgg!Jhyad10DYlVOoIhqVZZA5iRZs8-2WgSHhPRrg1EetT9B2y2laW9tf_CxITrpdvuWUY91MVTBQ2-ATNjONmY$>> , the email discussion list of SHOT SIGCIS. 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participants (5)
-
Brian Randell -
James Cortada -
Julie Cohn -
ralf.buelow＠t-online.de -
Troy Astarte