Hi Jeffrey, have many thanks for the link to your IFIP paper 2010, where you put the focus on logistic projects. In the summary you mentioned some reasons for the failure. Was the programming language Cobol too slow, was the concept of a centralized database to ambitious, too much work to maintain the database with correct data, was a decentralized approach of data storage with the client server architecture more appropriate, were there problems of not a adjusted numbering systems for spare parts and other kinds of goods to be delivered? Already in 1948 the US Air Force started the logistic project SCOOP with Linear Programming, but it was not in operation, and it only served to produce a scientific image for the Air Force, see the autobiography Murray Geissler: A Personal History of Logistics, Bethesda 1986. With kind regards from Berlin Richard Vahrenkamp Logistic Consulting Berlin Last paper published: Mathematical Management - Operations Research in the United States and Western Europe, in: Management Review 34 (2023), Issum 1, pp. 69-91