This represents a causal influence to establish transparency:

Virtuality, Murray Turoff, Communications of the ACM, 40(9), September 1997.

The theme of this paper is below and it is the basic idea that the virtual model put in the computer of a real situation can then change the real situation to fit the computer model if it involves the behavior of people.

Virtuality is the process whereby the implementation model in the computer replaces the real world model in a system made up in part of people.
•   Information Systems are usually design on a descriptive basis; however, they often become prescriptive.
•   Designers need to anticipate prescriptive impacts of their systems.
•   The design of an interactive system can be the design of a social system

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Distinguished Professor Emeritus
Information Systems, NJIT
homepage: http://is.njit.edu/turoff