On this issue, Honghong Tinn wrote an article on Taiwanese Apple cloning:

Tinn, Honghong. 2011. “From DIY Computers to Illegal Copies: The Controversy over Tinkering with Microcomputers in Taiwan, 1980–1984.” IEEE Annals of the History of Computing 33 (2): 75–88. doi:10.1109/MAHC.2011.38.

On Oct 27, 2016, at 11:18 AM, Evan Koblentz <evan@snarc.net> wrote:

Another IP issue is hardware cloning. There were many Apple II clones and even some Macintosh clones -- some made with Apple's permission, others not. This continues today with the "Hackintosh" trend and, on the software side, the issue of jailbreaking and mobile app permissions.