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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#212121">Dear SIGCIS:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="color:#212121"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="color:#212121">I trust I might be permitted to publicise here the fact that the paper:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="color:#212121"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="color:#212121"> "How Percy Ludgate’s 1909 paper (and IBM) helped thwart Konrad Zuse’s Computer Patent in 1960"<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="color:#212121"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="color:#212121">by Brian Coghlan, Ralf Buelow and myself has been accepted for publication in the IEEE Annals of the History of Computing. It is due to appear in Volume 46, Issue 3, July-September 2024.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="color:#212121"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="color:#212121">Paper Abstract:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="color:#212121"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="color:#212121">"This investigation outlines how Percy Ludgate’s 1909 paper describing his design for a mechanical computer, his “Analytical Machine”, was used in 1960 by a German patent attorney to thwart Konrad Zuse’s computer patent, just in
time, as the patent (first applied for on 16th June 1941), was about to be granted. This narrative is then followed by analyses of, and discovery of proof of, the role of IBM in preventing Zuse from getting what would have been the premier patent on the concept
of a programmable computer, and then by an exploration of how information about Ludgate’s 1909 paper was found by (or for) the opposing German patent attorney."<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="color:#212121"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="color:#212121">The accepted paper is available online at: <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="color:#212121"> <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="https://www.scss.tcd.ie/SCSSTreasuresCatalog/ludgate/lnk131.html" title="https://www.scss.tcd.ie/SCSSTreasuresCatalog/ludgate/lnk131.html"><span style="color:#0078D7">https://www.scss.tcd.ie/SCSSTreasuresCatalog/ludgate/lnk131.html</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="color:#212121">In addition, English translations of all the relevant Zuse patent litigation documents are provided onlne (side-by-side with transcriptions of the German originals from the<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>ZIB.de<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Zuse
Archive file as interleaved PDF documents), together with a large number of other supporting documents, at: <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="color:#212121"> <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="https://www.scss.tcd.ie/SCSSTreasuresCatalog/ludgate/lnk610.html" title="https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scss.tcd.ie%2FSCSSTreasuresCatalog%2Fludgate%2Flnk610.html&data=05%7C02%7Cbrian.randell%40newcastle.ac.uk%7Ce0c0021ad0d9406f538a08dc4dfa3f8f%7C9c5012c9b61644c2a91766814fbe3e87%7C1%7C0%7"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#0078D7">https://www.scss.tcd.ie/SCSSTreasuresCatalog/ludgate/lnk610.html</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="color:#212121"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="color:#212121">Quoting from our paper's Concluding Remarks:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="color:#212121">"The very fact that Ludgate’s 1909 paper on his Analytical Machine was employed to thwart Zuse’s attempt to patent the computer refutes the prevalent assumption that Ludgate had no influence on modern computing, and that his work
is just of historical interest. Whatever the scale of their influence, patents can impact the commercial activities in the sector they apply to. Hence Ludgate’s paper clearly did have a potential influence on the commercial future of computers, even if his
work was unknown to the developers of the early electronic computers. However, we have deliberately avoided speculating on the types or the extent of the possible commercial consequences, either to Zuse’s company, or to the rest of the computer industry, of
the thwarting of Zuse’s attempts to obtain what would have been the first patent on a programmable computer."<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="color:#212121"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="color:#212121">We would however be interested to receive informed comments on this issue, and also suggestions as to any further avenues we might pursue in attempting to identify exactly how information on Ludgate's work reached the opposing patent
attorney.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="color:#212121"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="color:#212121">Cheers<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="color:#212121"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="color:#212121">Brian Randell<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black;mso-ligatures:none;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">—<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black;mso-ligatures:none;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black;mso-ligatures:none;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">School of Computing, Newcastle University, 1 Science Square, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5TG<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black;mso-ligatures:none;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">EMAIL = Brian.Randell@ncl.ac.uk PHONE = +44 191 208 7923<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black;mso-ligatures:none;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">URL = https://www.ncl.ac.uk/computing/staff/profile/brianrandell.html</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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