<div dir="ltr">Thanks everyone for this fascinating discussion. While I cannot offer any contribution to Zuse's decision to use binary notation, I do have an opinion to offer re: the decision to use binary rather than decimal notation with the EDVAC. In their 1945 report entitled "Automatic High Speed Computing: A Progress Report on the EDVAC," Eckert and Mauchly write that "accuracy is ensured by digital methods" (6) but, there is also an indication that the reliability of vacuum tubes is greatly increased by the use of "digital methods." <div><br></div><div>All best, </div><div><br></div><div>Johannah</div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Sat, Jul 8, 2023 at 12:43 PM Ceruzzi, Paul via Members <<a href="mailto:members@lists.sigcis.org">members@lists.sigcis.org</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div class="msg-3603134220249622736">
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Fascinating discussion. Zuse told me that he was taught binary arithmetic in grade school, but he only learned of Leibniz's essay on binary (ca. 1680) after Zuse began work on computers. Babbage was an admirer of Leibniz's work but did not consider binary for
his engines. The Z1, which had a binary calculating unit, did not work well, and therefore Zuse adopted electromagnetic relays (a technology not available to Babbage) for his later machines, which did work. Attempts to reconstruct the Z1 for the Deutsches
Technikmuseum using late 20th-Century machine tools also failed -- please correct me if I am mistaken. But note that Zuse built a successful mecahnical binary
<i>memory</i> unit for the Z4, which not only worked well but which was in steady service at the ETH in Switzerland for years. The joke was that the clicking of the Z4 relays was the loudest noise in Zurich on any given evening. The Z4 is now at the Deutsches
Museum in Munich.</div>
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Paul Ceruzzi</div>
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<div id="m_-3603134220249622736divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size:11pt" color="#000000"><b>From:</b> Members <<a href="mailto:members-bounces@lists.sigcis.org" target="_blank">members-bounces@lists.sigcis.org</a>> on behalf of Jesper Juul via Members <<a href="mailto:members@lists.sigcis.org" target="_blank">members@lists.sigcis.org</a>><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Saturday, July 8, 2023 8:05 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Evan Koblentz <<a href="mailto:evank@njit.edu" target="_blank">evank@njit.edu</a>><br>
<b>Cc:</b> <a href="mailto:members@lists.sigcis.org" target="_blank">members@lists.sigcis.org</a> <<a href="mailto:members@lists.sigcis.org" target="_blank">members@lists.sigcis.org</a>><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [SIGCIS-Members] Zuse / binary</font>
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<p style="line-height:12pt;background:rgb(255,235,156)"><b><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(156,101,0)">External Email - Exercise Caution</span></b></p>
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<div dir="ltr">In Raúl Rojas' paper on the Z1/Z3(1), he writes that "instead of using gears (as Babbage had done in the previous century), Zuse implemented logical and arithmetical operations using sliding metallic rods. The rods could move in only one of two
directions (forward or backward) and therefore were appropriate for a binary machine." The Z1 is 1936-38.
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<div>This doesn't quite explain if rods or binary arithmetic came first, but there is a footnote to Zuse's book "Der Computer mein Lebenswerk".</div>
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<div>As a side note, I can recommend seeing the Z1 in the Technical Museum in Berlin if you are near.</div>
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<div>Jesper Juul</div>
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<div>1) <a href="https://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/Zuse_Z1_and_Z3.pdf" target="_blank">https://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/Zuse_Z1_and_Z3.pdf</a></div>
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<div dir="ltr">On Fri, 7 Jul 2023 at 18:34, Evan Koblentz via Members <<a href="mailto:members@lists.sigcis.org" target="_blank">members@lists.sigcis.org</a>> wrote:<br>
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<blockquote style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
What are some good articles addressing why Zuse, Aiken, Stibitz, etc. <br>
decided to use binary (or not)?<br>
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-- <br>
Evan Koblentz<br>
<br>
New Jersey Institute of Technology<br>
- Senior Writer, Office of Communications and Marketing<br>
- Adjunct Instructor, Ying Wu College of Computing<br>
- Faculty/Staff Advisor, NJIT Lego Club<br>
<br>
<a href="mailto:evank@njit.edu" target="_blank">evank@njit.edu</a><br>
(973) 596-3065<br>
<a href="https://web.njit.edu/~evank" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://web.njit.edu/~evank</a><br>
<br>
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</div></blockquote></div><br clear="all"><div><br></div><span class="gmail_signature_prefix">-- </span><br><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><a href="mailto:johannahrodgers@gmail.com" target="_blank">johannahrodgers@gmail.com</a><br></div><div><a href="http://www.johannahrodgers.net" target="_blank">www.johannahrodgers.net</a></div><br></div></div></div></div>