<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class="">Nils Nilsson’s book might have some useful references to Winograd’s blocks world papers. Look for the chapter in which he discusses Winograd’s SHRDLU program.<div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><div class="csl-bib-body" style="line-height: 1.35; margin-left: 2em; text-indent:-2em;">
<div class="csl-entry">Nilsson, Nils J. <i class="">The Quest for Artificial Intelligence</i>. 1st edition. Cambridge ; New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009.</div><div class="csl-entry"><br class=""></div><div class="csl-entry">For Winograd, I have a couple of references:</div><div class="csl-entry"><br class=""></div><div class="csl-entry"><div class="csl-bib-body" style="line-height: 1.35; margin-left: 2em; text-indent:-2em;">
<div class="csl-entry">Winograd, Terry. “Thinking Machines : Can There Be? Are We?” In <i class="">The Boundaries of Humanity : Humans, Animals, Machines</i>, edited by James Sheehan and Morton Sosna, 198–223. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991.</div>
<span class="Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzotero.org%3A2&rft_id=urn%3Aisbn%3A978-0-520-07153-7&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Thinking%20machines%20%3A%20Can%20there%20be%3F%20Are%20we%3F&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.publisher=University%20of%20California%20Press&rft.aufirst=Terry&rft.aulast=Winograd&rft.au=James%20Sheehan&rft.au=Morton%20Sosna&rft.au=Terry%20Winograd&rft.date=1991&rft.pages=198-223&rft.spage=198&rft.epage=223&rft.isbn=978-0-520-07153-7"></span>
<div class="csl-entry">Winograd, Terry, and Fernando Flores. <i class="">Understanding Computers and Cognition: A New Foundation for Design</i>. Norwood N.J.: Ablex Pub. Corp., 1986.</div>
<span class="Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzotero.org%3A2&rft_id=urn%3Aisbn%3A978-0-89391-050-1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding%20Computers%20and%20Cognition%3A%20A%20New%20Foundation%20for%20Design&rft.place=Norwood%20%20N.J.&rft.publisher=Ablex%20Pub.%20Corp.&rft.aufirst=Terry&rft.aulast=Winograd&rft.au=Terry%20Winograd&rft.au=Fernando%20Flores&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-89391-050-1"></span></div></div><div class="csl-entry"><br class=""></div><div class="csl-entry">I’ve only read parts of the latter, so I don’t know how much he discusses his earlier work on SHRDLU in here, but the latter incorporates a bit of Hubert Dreyfus’s brand of phenomenology into a critique of the AI being done at the time, which basically critiques Winograd’s own earlier work on SHRDLU.</div><div class="csl-entry">Agre’s book that I mentioned earlier can be thought of as in this critical AI/HCI tradition.</div><div class="csl-entry"><br class=""></div></div><div><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">El mié., 31 mar. 2021 21:49, Hansen Hsu <<a href="mailto:hansnhsu@gmail.com" class="">hansnhsu@gmail.com</a>> escribió:<br class=""></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div style="word-wrap:break-word;line-break:after-white-space" class="">Hi Javier,<div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">I think there probably is a significant relationship between AI research on games and microworlds.</div><div class="">For microworlds, I’d look into the blocks world research that was done at MIT, particularly that of Terry Winograd.</div><div class="">MIT was also where Spacewar! was created by Steve Russell, and there was also significant early chess research done there by a group led by Alan Kotok, student of John McCarthy, and later by Richard Greenblatt.</div><div class="">Both ideas are in the air among MIT’s CS researchers in the 1960s, so there has to be some connection.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">I have a couple of blog posts on AI in chess and Go up at the Computer History Museum blog:</div><div class=""><a href="https://computerhistory.org/blog/ai-and-play-part-1-how-games-have-driven-two-schools-of-ai-research/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" class="">https://computerhistory.org/blog/ai-and-play-part-1-how-games-have-driven-two-schools-of-ai-research/</a></div><div class=""><a href="https://computerhistory.org/blog/ai-and-play-part-2-go-and-deep-learning/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" class="">https://computerhistory.org/blog/ai-and-play-part-2-go-and-deep-learning/</a></div><div class="">The content itself may not be as useful to you as the links to various other resources in our collection, including videos of our oral histories and events related to chess, including oral histories of Kotok and Greenblatt.</div><div class="">These also have links to our online chess exhibit, which itself has links to some items and video clips in our collection on chess.</div><div class=""><a href="https://www.computerhistory.org/chess/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" class="">https://www.computerhistory.org/chess/</a></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">You can search our collection here:</div><div class=""><a href="https://www.computerhistory.org/collections/search/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" class="">https://www.computerhistory.org/collections/search/</a></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Critical AI researcher Phil Agre’s book</div><div class=""><div style="line-height:1.35;margin-left:2em" class="">
<div class="">Agre, Philip E. <i class="">Computation and Human Experience</i>. Cambridge ; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997.</div><div class="">makes an explicit connection between microworlds and games as he uses the microworld of the videogame Pengi to test an AI to play the game.</div><div class="">This is a bit later than the 1960s though.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div>
<span title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzotero.org%3A2&rft_id=urn%3Aisbn%3A978-0-521-38432-2&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Computation%20and%20Human%20Experience&rft.place=Cambridge%20%3B%20New%20York&rft.publisher=Cambridge%20University%20Press&rft.aufirst=Philip%20E.&rft.aulast=Agre&rft.au=Philip%20E.%20Agre&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-521-38432-2" class=""></span></div><div class=""><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class="">On Mar 31, 2021, at 10:41 AM, Javier Poveda F <<a href="mailto:jpovedaf@gmail.com" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" class="">jpovedaf@gmail.com</a>> wrote:</div><br class=""><div class=""><div dir="ltr" class="">Dear all,<div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">My name is Javier Ramiro Poveda Figueroa, PhD candidate in history of science at Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona. I am interested in the study of history and philosophy of computing from the 1930s until the 1990s. I am researching in the relationship between early computing games like chess and checkers with microworlds. For that reason, I am searching literature that can help me to understand whether microworlds and early computing games have are related or not. I would like to know if you have any information about the problem I am working with. Your help will be valuable.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Kind regards,</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Javier Poveda Figueroa.</div></div>
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