<div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:#444444"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(68,68,68)">Hello Bernard, all,</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(68,68,68)"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(68,68,68)">Likewise
enjoying eavesdropping on this thread! Perhaps this is already on
everyone's radar (more bad puns) but Michael J. Crowe's book <i>A History of Vector Analysis: The Evolution of the Idea of a Vectorial System</i>
is a challenging and thorough work in the history of math; while it
doesn't get into graphics (or even digital computers) as far as I
recall, it'd be a good place to turn on the notion of the vector itself.</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(68,68,68)"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(68,68,68)">You
might also take a look at this paper by Arthur Bryson, Walter Denham,
and Stuart Dryfus (control theorists working in aeronautics in the
1960's), which I was looking at in the context of the history of
optimization. Again, maybe not directly relevant, but this was in an
aeronautics journal, I know for certain they were making extensive use
of computers at the time, and "vectors" are everywhere, so perhaps you
are on to something?</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(68,68,68)">Bryson,
Arthur E., Walter F. Denham, and Stuart E. Dreyfus. “Optimal
Programming Problems with Inequality Constraints I: Necessary Conditions
for Extremal Solutions.” AIAA Journal 1, no. 11 (1963): 2544–50. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2514/3.2107" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.2514/3.2107</a>.<br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(68,68,68)"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(68,68,68)">For
what its worth, I started digging into Bryson and Denham's work for a
forthcoming essay on the history of metaphors used to describe gradient
optimization—happy to share some of that off-list.</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(68,68,68)"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(68,68,68)">All best,<br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(68,68,68)">Sam</div></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Wed, Feb 24, 2021 at 4:23 PM Rory Solomon <<a href="mailto:solomonr@newschool.edu">solomonr@newschool.edu</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr">Hi Bernie,<div><br></div><div>This might be slightly *ahem* orthogonal to the question of vector graphics, but depending how widely you wish to dilate your sense of "vector" here, it might make sense to also consider two other tangentially-related senses: the vector data structure, and the vector CPU.</div><div><div><br></div><div>In some programming language contexts, the array data structure for holding a list of values was typically created of a fixed size. If the programmer wanted to grow the size of a list of numbers, memory management techniques would have to be utilized to find and allocate additional storage space. The idea of the vector data structure was a dynamically-sized array capable of doing that memory management, in a sense, automatically, hiding those implementation details from the programmer. This behavior has become the norm in most high-level programming languages, so I think the term vector in this sense is mostly obsolete. But I've always wondered about the origins of this term for this data structure. My best guess is that a vector data structure could be evocative of a mathematical vector in the sense that it can grow, or, scale – like how the magnitude of a mathematical vector can be increased when multiplied by a scalar. It doesn't strike me as an obvious coinage to use for this concept, so I wonder if maybe there is some link in which early developers of the vector data structure for some reason or another had the mathematical concept of the vector fresh in the mind and ready to deploy as a metaphor.</div><div><br></div></div><div>In a somewhat related sense, the vector CPU was a technique in parallel processing whereby machine instructions, instead of specifying a single memory location to operate on, would specify a memory location and a quantity, corresponding to the number of adjacent values in memory on which to execute the given operation. The idea here was that loading values into registers to operate on from memory became a bottleneck, so if algorithms could be coded such that machine instructions could operate on many contiguous values at once, those values could all be pre-loaded into registers at once, instead of having to go to memory for each instruction. My guess is that the term "vector" pertains here because a vector-based machine instruction would include not just a memory location, but a memory location and the number of contiguous values to operate on – metaphorically evoking the way that a mathematical vector is often represented by two values: a direction and a magnitude. Again, it does not seem like a particularly obvious term to apply, so I wonder if there is some reason why this is the one that developers decided to use.</div><span style="color:rgb(80,0,80)"><div><br></div><div>I'm enjoying all the discussion on this thread!</div><div><br></div><div>Best,</div><div>Rory</div><br>--<br>Rory Solomon, PhD (he / him)<br>Assistant Professor & Director of Code as a Liberal Art<div>Eugene Lang College, The New School<br><a href="mailto:solomonr@newschool.edu" target="_blank">solomonr@newschool.edu</a> | @rorys</div></span></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Sat, Feb 20, 2021 at 3:27 AM Bernard Geoghegan <<a href="mailto:bernardgeoghegan2010@u.northwestern.edu" target="_blank">bernardgeoghegan2010@u.northwestern.edu</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
<div lang="EN-GB">
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt">Hi SIGCISers,<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt">Can anyone advise on the origin of the term “vector graphics.”<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt">Clearly, it literally describes a production of “vectors” on the screen by a concrete line-drawing technology. However, I’m wondering if there were multiple senses in that term initially. Specifically, looking
through SAGE documentation from the 1950s and 1960s, esp, accounts of if operator displays, “vector” describes the physical trajectory of planes on the display. As SAGE was also a key source for early graphical interfaces, I’m wondering of the term “vector
graphics” had a double connotation, as an analogy between the flight paths and the manner of illustrating graphics.
<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt">It’s not earth shaking, but it’s etymologically neat-o if one can trace “vector graphics” to multiple connotations at its coinage.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt">Best, b<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
</div>
</div>
_______________________________________________<br>
This email is relayed from members at <a href="http://sigcis.org" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">sigcis.org</a>, the email discussion list of SHOT SIGCIS. Opinions expressed here are those of the member posting and are not reviewed, edited, or endorsed by SIGCIS. The list archives are at <a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__lists.sigcis.org_pipermail_members-2Dsigcis.org_&d=DwICAg&c=slrrB7dE8n7gBJbeO0g-IQ&r=xQ27Xpp_1MwpAfMieAaTnw&m=DkJto07C57Sh_WpTn7l0S91wwJQUFA2MU75qC5tP7ik&s=oNo1PEGiWi8VY3hkFyEzi2JSKvM1slwWKv4YMS5EOeo&e=" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__lists.sigcis.org_pipermail_members-2Dsigcis.org_&d=DwICAg&c=slrrB7dE8n7gBJbeO0g-IQ&r=xQ27Xpp_1MwpAfMieAaTnw&m=DkJto07C57Sh_WpTn7l0S91wwJQUFA2MU75qC5tP7ik&s=oNo1PEGiWi8VY3hkFyEzi2JSKvM1slwWKv4YMS5EOeo&e=</a> and you can change your subscription options at <a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__lists.sigcis.org_listinfo.cgi_members-2Dsigcis.org&d=DwICAg&c=slrrB7dE8n7gBJbeO0g-IQ&r=xQ27Xpp_1MwpAfMieAaTnw&m=DkJto07C57Sh_WpTn7l0S91wwJQUFA2MU75qC5tP7ik&s=byIP0_qOK1xdN_QvBKMktUyDVvzxvsez77jH6QbAGBc&e=" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__lists.sigcis.org_listinfo.cgi_members-2Dsigcis.org&d=DwICAg&c=slrrB7dE8n7gBJbeO0g-IQ&r=xQ27Xpp_1MwpAfMieAaTnw&m=DkJto07C57Sh_WpTn7l0S91wwJQUFA2MU75qC5tP7ik&s=byIP0_qOK1xdN_QvBKMktUyDVvzxvsez77jH6QbAGBc&e=</a> </blockquote></div>
_______________________________________________<br>
This email is relayed from members at <a href="http://sigcis.org" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">sigcis.org</a>, the email discussion list of SHOT SIGCIS. Opinions expressed here are those of the member posting and are not reviewed, edited, or endorsed by SIGCIS. The list archives are at <a href="http://lists.sigcis.org/pipermail/members-sigcis.org/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://lists.sigcis.org/pipermail/members-sigcis.org/</a> and you can change your subscription options at <a href="http://lists.sigcis.org/listinfo.cgi/members-sigcis.org" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://lists.sigcis.org/listinfo.cgi/members-sigcis.org</a></blockquote></div><br clear="all"><br>-- <br><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><span><span><span><span style="font-family:monospace,monospace">Sam P. Kellogg<br></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:monospace,monospace"><span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:monospace,monospace">he/him </span></span></span></span></span>// </span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:monospace,monospace"><span style="color:rgb(111,168,220)"><a href="http://steinhardt.nyu.edu/mcc/" target="_blank">MCC, NYU</a></span> // </span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:monospace,monospace"><span style="color:rgb(159,197,232)"><a href="http://samkellogg.com" target="_blank">samkellogg.com</a></span></span></span></span></span><span></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>