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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB"
lang="EN-GB">Does
digital history need to be rewritten?</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB"
lang="EN-GB">The
standard stories about digital computers have some gaps, as
they do not explain
that the aircraft industry mainly used electronic analog
computers. The
standard stories play out more in the academic milieu of
Philadelphia and
Princeton, while the USA had experienced a turning point in
technological
history in 1945 with the development of jet-powered fighters,
numerous rocket
projects and the electronic analog computer, with the arms
industry
experiencing a tremendous upswing. CalTech graduate engineers
Simon Ramo and
Dean Wooldridge became the leading figures in the West Coast
Atlas rocket
project, but remained unknown in digital computer literature.
They operated
large computing labs on the West Coast. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB"
lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB"
lang="EN-GB">I have
explored this scenario in my essay: </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB"
lang="EN-GB">The
Computing Boom in the US Aeronautical Industry, 1945-1965,</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB"
lang="EN-GB">In: ICON -
The Journal of the International Committee for the History of
Technology,
volume 24, 2019, pp. 127–149. An extended version is available
at:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB"
lang="EN-GB"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="http://www.vahrenkamp.org/files/Vahrenkamp_Computing_Boom_WP5_2018.pdf">www.vahrenkamp.org/files/Vahrenkamp_Computing_Boom_WP5_2018.pdf</a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB"
lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB"
lang="EN-GB">My paper
also interprets three texts from the period 1960 - 1989, which
attribute the
newly developed missiles to the digital computer without even
acknowledging the
role of the analog computer. The texts thus lay the foundation
for the myth of
the digital computer.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB"
lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB"
lang="EN-GB">John von
Neumann's position on the analog computer has not been
clarified. In the
vicinity of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, the
Office of Naval
Research had awarded a major project to the electronic analog
computer in the
laboratories of RCA (Typhoon Project). In addition, John von
Neumann was a
member of the Teapot Committee, which steered the development
of the ballistic
long-range rocket Atlas, which informed him very well about
the use of
electronic analog computers for construction and simulation in
the Atlas rocket
project. In his research projects the solution of differential
equations played
an important role (in his meteorology projects and in the
projects in Los
Alamos), for which the electronic analog computer would have
been an ideal
instrument. At the end of the 1940s, this type of computer was
widely used and
readily available in the USA. Why John von Neumann did not use
this computer is
an open question. There is no doubt that John von Neumann did
not want to
develop the digital computer to calculate very large prime
numbers or to
support the administration of banks and insurance companies,
but to solve
differential equations.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB"
lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB"
lang="EN-GB">Like the
trajectory of rockets, the trajectory of grenades can be
described with
differential equations. Why the proving ground in Aberdeen
wanted to develop a
digital computer and not fall back on the available analog
computers is still
an open question.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB"
lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB"
lang="EN-GB">With kind
regards from Berlin</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB"
lang="EN-GB">Richard
Vahrenkamp</span></p>
</p>
<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">--
********************************************
Prof. Dr. Richard Vahrenkamp
Logistik Consulting Berlin
Phone 0177- 628 3325
E-Mail: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:Vahrenkamp2016@gmx.de">Vahrenkamp2016@gmx.de</a>
Web: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="http://www.vahrenkamp.org">www.vahrenkamp.org</a>
Trendelenburgstr. 16
14057 Berlin
********************************************* </pre>
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