<div dir="ltr">A tool that was first operable with NASA records in 1966, and which became commercially available in 1972, is DIALOG. The IEEE recently awarded the DIALOG Online Search System with a Milestone based on what I documented <a href="http://ieeemilestones.ethw.org/Milestone-Proposal:The_DIALOG_Online_Search_System,_1966-1970">on this webpage</a>. A vast array of data not accessible via the Internet is available for searching via the paid service <a href="https://www.proquest.com/products-services/ProQuest-Dialog.html">ProQuest Dialog</a> - you literally get what you pay for, with access to medical research, scholarly papers, etc., that will never be posted for free on the Internet. The USPTO uses this tool as part of its prior art searches for patent applications.<div><br></div><div>The citation for what will be cast in a pair of bronze plaques (at some point in the coming year, to be placed at Lockheed and at the Computer History Museum) is here:<br><br><i><b><u>DIALOG Online Search System, 1966<br></u></b>DIALOG was the first interactive, online search system addressing large databases while allowing <span style="background-color:rgb(0,255,0)">iterative refinement of results</span>. DIALOG was developed at Lockheed Palo Alto Research Laboratory in 1966, extended through contracts with NASA, and offered commercially in 1972. Its speed, ease of use, and wide range of data content attracted professional users worldwide including scientists, attorneys, educators and librarians. <span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,0)">DIALOG preceded major Internet search tools by more than two decades.</span></i><div><br></div><div>I highlighted the last sentence because of its relevance to this thread, and there is a wealth of info included on the above linked webpage. This tool has always allowed iterative searches (also highlighted), a unique feature at the time, and which made it a particularly effective tool from the time of its inception.<br clear="all"><div><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr">_________________________<br>Brian A. Berg / <a href="mailto:bberg@StanfordAlumni.org" target="_blank">bberg@StanfordAlumni.org</a><br>Berg Software Design<br>14500 Big Basin Way, Suite F, Saratoga, CA 95070 USA<br>Voice: 408.741.5010 / Cell: 408.568.2505<br><span style="font-size:small">Consulting: Flash Memory/USB/Storage/Patents</span><br>visit the Storage Cornucopia: <a href="http://www.bswd.com" target="_blank">www.bswd.com</a><div>FMS Technical Chair: <a href="http://www.FlashMemorySummit.com" target="_blank">www.FlashMemorySummit.com</a></div><div><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:small"><a href="http://www.ieeeghn.org/wiki/index.php/Milestones:List_of_IEEE_Milestones" target="_blank">IEEE Milestone</a> Coordinator for </span><a href="http://www.ieee-region6.org/" style="font-family:arial;font-size:small" target="_blank">Region 6</a><br><div>IEEE <a href="http://www.ieee.org/scv/" target="_blank">SCV Section</a> Past Chair / <a href="http://www.CaliforniaConsultants.org" target="_blank">IEEE-CNSV</a> Board Director</div></div><div><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:small">IEEE </span><a href="http://www.SiliconValleyHistory.com/" style="color:rgb(17,85,204);font-family:arial;font-size:small" target="_blank">Silicon Valley Tech History Committee</a><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:small"> Chair</span><br></div><div><img src="https://docs.google.com/uc?id=0BziWcipiMNJkZV9CdXg2YjJhQUk&export=download" width="200" height="76"><br></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><br></div></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr">On Sun, Dec 2, 2018 at 9:14 AM Julie Cohn <<a href="mailto:cohnconnor@gmail.com">cohnconnor@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div style="word-wrap:break-word;line-break:after-white-space">James and Bill -<div><br></div><div>I’ve mentioned your project to a friend who has been a long-time writer for Texas Monthly, the New York Times, and other publications. She is going to provide me with some contact information later this week. I’ll message you off-list with details.</div><div><br></div><div>Great idea for a project!</div><div><br></div><div>-Julie</div><div><br><div>
<div style="color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;word-wrap:break-word"><div style="color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;word-wrap:break-word"><div style="color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;word-wrap:break-word"><span class="m_5958360933681591138Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse:separate;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Helvetica;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:normal;text-align:-webkit-auto;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;border-spacing:0px"><div style="font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;word-wrap:break-word">*****************************</div><div style="word-wrap:break-word">Julie Cohn, Ph.D.<br>Research Historian, Center for Public History<br>University of Houston, 315 McElhinney Hall<br>Houston, TX 77204-3007<br><a href="mailto:cohnconnor@gmail.com" target="_blank">cohnconnor@gmail.com</a><br><br>Author: <i><b>The Grid: Biography of an American Technology</b></i><b> (MIT Press, 2017)</b><br><a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/grid" target="_blank">https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/grid</a></div><div style="font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;word-wrap:break-word"><br></div></span></div></div><br class="m_5958360933681591138Apple-interchange-newline"></div><br class="m_5958360933681591138Apple-interchange-newline"><br class="m_5958360933681591138Apple-interchange-newline">
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<div><br><blockquote type="cite"><div>On Dec 1, 2018, at 8:42 AM, James Cortada <<a href="mailto:jcortada@umn.edu" target="_blank">jcortada@umn.edu</a>> wrote:</div><br class="m_5958360933681591138Apple-interchange-newline"><div><div dir="ltr">Bill Aspray and I are exploring how fact checking was done between the early 1950s and the mid-1990s using computers and networks, that is to say, before the wide use of the Internet, snopes, Wiki etc. If you are aware of specific examples, or documentation, about this use of computing, please let us know. We are interested in all manner of fact checking, not limiting it to press challenges of statements by politicians, hoaxes, and faulty scientific research. Thanks for your help.<br clear="all"><div><br></div>-- <br><div dir="ltr" class="m_5958360933681591138gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div>James W. Cortada</div><div>Senior Research Fellow</div>
<div>Charles Babbage Institute</div><div>University of Minnesota</div>
<div><a href="mailto:jcortada@umn.edu" target="_blank">jcortada@umn.edu</a></div>
<div>608-274-6382</div></div></div></div>
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This email is relayed from members at <a href="http://sigcis.org" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">sigcis.org</a>, the email discussion list of SHOT SIGCIS. Opinions expressed here are those of the member posting and are not reviewed, edited, or endorsed by SIGCIS. The list archives are at <a href="http://lists.sigcis.org/pipermail/members-sigcis.org/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://lists.sigcis.org/pipermail/members-sigcis.org/</a> and you can change your subscription options at <a href="http://lists.sigcis.org/listinfo.cgi/members-sigcis.org" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://lists.sigcis.org/listinfo.cgi/members-sigcis.org</a></blockquote></div>