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--></style></head><body lang=EN-GB link="#0563C1" vlink="#954F72"><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt'>Dear Members,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=p1><span style='font-size:11.0pt'>I’m looking for some copyright tips. I’d be grateful for feedback. I’m trying to figure out if I need copyright holder permission to reproduce in an academic publication images from the following items that appeared in print between 1923 and 1963, i.e. a period when things normally require explicit copyright renewal to stay out of the public domain. I can’t figure out if some of these materials count as government documents. Unless noted, none of these materials come from an archive or otherwise privileged source.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=p1><span style='font-size:11.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><ol style='margin-top:0cm' start=1 type=1><li class=p1 style='mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><span style='font-size:11.0pt'>Figures from IBM manuals for SAGE from 1958. There’s no evidence the manual was copyrighted, nor that the copyright was renewed, but there is a statement in the manuals that reads “This document contains information of a proprietary nature. Any use or reproduction of this document for other than government purposes is subject to the prior consent of International Business Machines Corporation.” <o:p></o:p></span></li><li class=p1 style='mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><span style='font-size:11.0pt'>A figure from a 1950s RAND memo prepared for the US Air Force—no evidence that it was copyrighted, nor that the copyright was renewed. There is a statement on the cover that permission must be sought from RAND to quote or reproduce its contents. <o:p></o:p></span></li><li class=p1 style='mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><span style='font-size:11.0pt'>Figures from a 1947 report produced by a university-based laboratory for the US Air Force, no evidence that it was copyrighted, nor that copyright was renewed. I don’t think it was publicly circulated. I got my copy from a US government archive. <o:p></o:p></span></li><li class=p1 style='mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><span style='font-size:11.0pt'>Pre-1964 magazine advertisements, I have no information about their copyright status. <o:p></o:p></span></li></ol><p class=p1><span style='font-size:11.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=p1><span style='font-size:11.0pt'>Thanks for your advice, colleagues. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=p1><span style='font-size:11.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=p1><span style='font-size:11.0pt'>Best,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=p1><span style='font-size:11.0pt'>Bernard<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=p1><span style='font-size:11.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=p1><span style='font-size:11.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt'>-- <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>Bernard Dionysius Geoghegan<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>Senior Lecturer in the History and Theory of Digital Media<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>www.bernardg.com<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>Department of Digital Humanities<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>King's College London <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>The Strand Building<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>Room S3.08<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>WC2R 2LS<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>Office: +44 (0)20 7848 4750<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>Cell: +44 (0)75 7713 9098</span></p></div></body></html>