<html xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:m="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
<meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 14 (filtered medium)">
<style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:Calibri;
panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Tahoma;
panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Times;
panose-1:2 2 6 3 5 4 5 2 3 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{margin:0cm;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
{mso-style-priority:99;
color:blue;
text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
{mso-style-priority:99;
color:purple;
text-decoration:underline;}
span.apple-tab-span
{mso-style-name:apple-tab-span;}
span.EmailStyle19
{mso-style-type:personal-reply;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D;}
.MsoChpDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
font-size:10.0pt;}
@page WordSection1
{size:612.0pt 792.0pt;
margin:70.85pt 2.0cm 70.85pt 2.0cm;}
div.WordSection1
{page:WordSection1;}
--></style><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext="edit" spidmax="1026" />
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapelayout v:ext="edit">
<o:idmap v:ext="edit" data="1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]-->
</head>
<body lang="FI" link="blue" vlink="purple">
<div class="WordSection1">
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Thanks Pierre and all. I hope you don’t mind but this reminded me of the minimal computers that some researchers, certainly in Europe, were focusing on in the mid-1950s. One such project was the G1a computer in Goettingen,
West Germany, were the son of its developer Wilhelm Hopmann used the easy-to-use computer (that was not even finished at the time) from the first grades at primary school. Cornelio Hopmann, born 1950, wrote to me:
</span><span lang="EN-US">”So when I got my as excercises: calculate the following sums, products etc. (just the normal stuff of primary [school]), my father showed me that with a few keystrokes "his" computer could do the same calculation (just like you would
use today a desk-calculator). Once the example of package was established, I was able to finish the other exercises of a package on my own.”
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">So the 6-7-year-old used this ‘personal computer’ for homework on a daily basis... (the interface being an IBM electric typewriter). In the Annals 2008, I wrote more on these minimal computer projects, including making
a copy to Finland.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Best,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Petri<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Petri Paju<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">PhD, Researcher in the project Towards a Roadmap for Digital History in Finland<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">History of Industrialization & Innovation Group, Aalto University,
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">and Department of Cultural History, University of Turku<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><a href="http://utu.academia.edu/PetriPaju"><span lang="EN-US">http://utu.academia.edu/PetriPaju</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style="border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif""> Members [mailto:members-bounces@lists.sigcis.org]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Mounier Kuhn<br>
<b>Sent:</b> 3. maaliskuuta 2016 11:53<br>
<b>To:</b> members<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [SIGCIS-Members] IBM 610<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">Thanks for this discussion. Bashe et al., in their book
<i>IBM's Early Computers,</i> explain that the IBM 610 was not developed to answer any market demand ; it reflected the internal needs of IBM’s growing staff of engineers and scientists who used desk calculators. Being not a priority, its development was delayed,
but it inspired the successful IBM 1620… and perhaps many small computers marketed by competitors in the late 1950s. So we have a faily good idea of what use was envisioned : A scientist or engineer who needed to perform relatively simple calculations which
did not justify the cost of waiting in line to use a mainframe.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">It would be interesting to know :</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">- what competitive advantage the IBM 610 had over a good desk calculator ;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">- how the IBM 610 was renamed from Personal Automatic Calculator to Auto-Point Computer (the choice of
<i>Computer</i> makes sense, but <i>Auto-Point</i>?)</span> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">I have an alternative question (sorry if it is half off-topic !). In the early 1970s, the term<i> micro-ordinateur</i> [<i>micro-computer</i>] appeared
in various development projects within the French Plan Calcul. It designated any « very small computer », whatever the technology – it was not necessarily related with microprocessors. Was the term
<i>micro-computer </i>used in this broad sense in other locations, before 1975 when microprocessor-based<i>
</i>micro-computers became the mainstream concept in this market segment ?</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">Best,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt">Pierre<o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Times","serif"">Pierre Mounier-Kuhn</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times","serif"">CNRS & Université Paris-Sorbonne<br>
</span><a href="http://pups.paris-sorbonne.fr/catalogue/centre-roland-mousnier/linformatique-en-france-de-la-seconde-guerre-mondiale-au-plan-calcul"><span style="font-family:"Times","serif"">L’Emergence d’une science: l’informatique</span></a><span style="font-family:"Times","serif""><br>
</span><a href="http://koyre.ehess.fr/docannexe/file/400/cv_mounier_kuhn.pdf"><span style="font-family:"Times","serif"">http://koyre.ehess.fr/docannexe/file/1203/mounier_kuhn_cv_anglais.pdf</span></a><span style="font-family:"Times","serif""><br>
</span><a href="https://cnrs.academia.edu/PierreMounierKuhn"><span style="font-family:"Times","serif"">https://cnrs.academia.edu/PierreMounierKuhn</span></a><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">Le 3 mars 2016 à 01:38, Hansen Hsu <<a href="mailto:hansnhsu@gmail.com">hansnhsu@gmail.com</a>> a écrit :<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I’ve noticed this too. Gordon Bell, Wes Clark, and Alan Kay have all been on record saying that they considered the LINC the first personal computer, as it was also designed for use by an individual (a biomedical researcher).<br>
Joe November’s excellent book goes into some detail on this. LINC inspired some of the creators of the Alto, both in terms of the user’s experience of controlling the entire machine, but also in some aspects of its hardware architecture.<br>
I certainly think LINC belongs in the pre-history of the personal computer, as does Engelbart’s NLS, but I would hesitate to call it a “personal computer” for precisely the reasons you’ve outlined for the IBM 610, which is even earlier.<br>
If one took the criteria to be that an individual had complete control over the machine while in use, then TX-0 or even Whirlwind might count as personal computers. The term begins to lack meaning at that point.<br>
<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">On Mar 2, 2016, at 4:11 PM, Allan Olley <<a href="mailto:allan.olley@utoronto.ca">allan.olley@utoronto.ca</a>> wrote:<br>
<br>
Hello,<br>
<a href="http://www.columbia.edu/cu/computinghistory/610.html">http://www.columbia.edu/cu/computinghistory/610.html</a><br>
<span class="apple-tab-span"> </span>The 610 was under development as the Personal Automatic Computer (acording to this website and according to Bashe et al. in the MIT book IBM's Early Computer, a prototype was operating by 1954 with commercial
release by 1957) it was intended as a more real time less batch modey sort of machine unlike other machines of that time, but no one really seriously seems to claim it has any relation to any other "personal computer" either in terms of hardware details (it
apparently had very ideosyncratic hardware) or even as vague inspiration.<br>
<span class="apple-tab-span"> </span>The key point I guess is that it pretty clearly has nothing to do with the microprocessor based computers of the 1970s and later that are usually called personal computers.<br>
<br>
<span class="apple-tab-span"> </span>I have noticed that the idea of a personal computer and personal computing gets used to describe<span class="apple-tab-span">
</span>machines before the microprocessor machines of the 1970s. The website mentions the Bendix G-15 as another example of this (some apparently claim it as the first personal computer and it was released commercially in 1956). The issue here is that any computer
an individual has complete control of regardless of its characteristics (size, intended use etc.) can become a personal computer in terms of how that user feels about it and interacts with it. So any computer can be a personal computer in that ambigious sense
it seems to me. It also gets complicated because people's interactions with earlier transistor and vacuum tube machines influenced them in designing and using the microprocessor machines that are unambigiously personal computers. So there are connections that
should be made that make it complicated.<br>
<br>
-- <br>
Yours Truly,<br>
Allan Olley, PhD<br>
<br>
<a href="http://individual.utoronto.ca/fofound/">http://individual.utoronto.ca/fofound/</a><br>
<br>
On Wed, 2 Mar 2016, John Impagliazzo wrote:<br>
<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Hi All,<br>
<br>
Allegedly, some consider the IBM 610 Auto-Point computer (1959) the<br>
‘first personal computer’. <a href="http://www.columbia.edu/cu/computinghistory/plugboard.html">
http://www.columbia.edu/cu/computinghistory/plugboard.html</a><br>
Is this true – even slightly true??<br>
<br>
John<br>
<br>
John Impagliazzo, Ph.D.<br>
Professor Emeritus, Hofstra University<br>
IEEE Life Fellow<br>
ACM Distinguished Educator<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">_______________________________________________<br>
This email is relayed from members at sigcis.org, the email discussion list of SHOT SIGCIS. Opinions expressed here are those of the member posting and are not reviewed, edited, or endorsed by SIGCIS. The list archives are at
<a href="http://lists.sigcis.org/pipermail/members-sigcis.org/">http://lists.sigcis.org/pipermail/members-sigcis.org/</a> and you can change your subscription options at
<a href="http://lists.sigcis.org/listinfo.cgi/members-sigcis.org">http://lists.sigcis.org/listinfo.cgi/members-sigcis.org</a><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><br>
_______________________________________________<br>
This email is relayed from members at <a href="http://sigcis.org">sigcis.org</a>, the email discussion list of SHOT SIGCIS. Opinions expressed here are those of the member posting and are not reviewed, edited, or endorsed by SIGCIS. The list archives are at
<a href="http://lists.sigcis.org/pipermail/members-sigcis.org/">http://lists.sigcis.org/pipermail/members-sigcis.org/</a> and you can change your subscription options at
<a href="http://lists.sigcis.org/listinfo.cgi/members-sigcis.org">http://lists.sigcis.org/listinfo.cgi/members-sigcis.org</a><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</div>
</body>
</html>