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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link="#0563C1" vlink="#954F72"><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'>Dear SIGCIS,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'>There’s been an interesting new development in the long-running story of the self-proclaimed “Inventor of Email” V.A. Shiva Ayyadurai (<a href="http://www.sigcis.org/ayyadurai"><span style='color:black;text-decoration:none'>www.sigcis.org/ayyadurai</span></a>). Since last year’s big push (</span><span style='color:black'><a href="https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20140903/18514728409/huffington-post-finally-responds-stands-its-completely-bogus-totally-debunked-history-email-series.shtml"><span style='color:black'>https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20140903/18514728409/huffington-post-finally-responds-stands-its-completely-bogus-totally-debunked-history-email-series.shtml</span></a>) </span><span style='color:black'> just before his wedding to The Nanny we hadn’t heard too much from him. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'>Luckily for us, his new publicity campaign takes place on an entirely different front. Read all about it at <a href="http://kfolta.blogspot.com/2015/07/munich-is-not-by-florida-no.html"><span style='color:black'>http://kfolta.blogspot.com/2015/07/munich-is-not-by-florida-no.html</span></a> (Kevin Folta) and <a href="http://www.geneticliteracyproject.org/2015/07/29/ayyadurais-formaldehyde-in-gmos-claim-challenged-engineer-refuses-verification-offer/"><span style='color:black'>http://www.geneticliteracyproject.org/2015/07/29/ayyadurais-formaldehyde-in-gmos-claim-challenged-engineer-refuses-verification-offer/</span></a> (Kavin Senapathy). <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'>Short version: he’s published a paper, in a reportedly predatory open access journal, which is being aggressively promoted as proof that GMOs cause cancer. The highlight of this was a launch event where he was flanked by Neil Young and the Governor of Vermont. What the paper actually claims, according to the above links, is that he has produced a computer model that predicts elevated levels of formaldehyde in GMO soybeans. However it does not report any attempt to test whether such levels are found in actual soybeans.</span><span style='color:black'> </span><span style='color:black'>Ayyadurai’s center is promoting some kind of “raw food certification” and testing service which would require non-GMO content.</span><span style='color:black'> <a href="http://www.integrativesystems.org/research/food-research/"><span style='color:black'>http://www.integrativesystems.org/research/food-research/</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><a href="http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCKm07r6ngccCFVHygAodSKsIOA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DpUBo9efuSk8&ei=2Ui5VenjKdHkgwTI1qLAAw&bvm=bv.99028883,d.eXY&psig=AFQjCNHUqgX843yhtRkLpFP7_ZqnE0Kb4A&ust=1438292568288536"><span style='color:black;text-decoration:none'><img border=0 width=480 height=360 id="Picture_x0020_1" src="cid:image001.jpg@01D0CA1D.F221D430" alt="http://i.ytimg.com/vi/pUBo9efuSk8/hqdefault.jpg"></span></a><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'>The journal in question, Agricultural Sciences, is one of hundreds published by Scientific Research Publishing, which specializes in author pays open access publication. One of its other journals became famous after accepting a computer-generated nonsense paper: <a href="http://thatsmathematics.com/blog/archives/102">http://thatsmathematics.com/blog/archives/102</a>. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'>Debunking this claim is the job of biologists, not historians, but it will be interesting to see how it goes for them. On the one hand academic scientists still hold a clearer and stronger public mandate to speak for natural processes than academic historians do to speak for the past. On the other hand, there is a huge preexisting constituency primed for putatively scientific validation that GMOs are dangerous and will kill them. Whereas few people initially felt strongly about who invented email, and Ayyadurai’s attempt spread a conspiracy theory (by invoking the evils of corporate-backed big business in collusion with corrupt historians and racist Americans) has enjoyed only limited success.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'>I do think that the way he is making his claim might prove interesting to science studies scholars. To me it is an exaggerated parody of the arrival of physicists in other fields, most notably biology, after WWII. The focus on “systems” also has a retro, 1950s RAND Corporation kind of feel to it. Here’s the relevant part of Senapthay’s report:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span style='color:black'>Ayyadurai has side stepped the invitation [to test actual soybeans]. On Tuesday, he said he would only agree to testing if there were new across-the-board standards — that he personally set up. He modestly proposed that he is willing to meet with “big agribusiness” himself to draw up these new standards. Why would Ayyadurai need to be involved in setting up “new” standards? Because, he said, only he has the expertise to establish the evaluation protocol, not the geneticists and scientists who have been working in the field for decades.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span style='color:black'>“The biologists that are approaching this have no knowledge of modern biology, and that biology is used in a lot of the [pro-GE] articles we’re seeing,” he stated. Explaining that systems biology, which he characterized as taking into account all of the complex metabolic interactions in a living cell, integrates and aggregates big data from a vast number of experiments, he continued, “These people don’t really know what biology is. Systems biology basically says you aggregate experiments.”<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span style='color:black'>To paint all geneticists and biotechnology scientists with a “they don’t know what biology is” brush is simultaneously arrogant and brilliant. It casts Ayyadurai as the lone independent expert in this area of scientific inquiry.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'>So to those of us pondering the evolution of computer simulation as an experimental technique within the natural sciences (which I’ve been thinking about in the context of the use of ENIAC for the first computerized Monte Carlo simulation: <a href="http://www.tomandmaria.com/Tom/Writing/LosAlamosBetsOnENIAC.pdf"><span style='color:black'>http://www.tomandmaria.com/Tom/Writing/LosAlamosBetsOnENIAC.pdf</span></a>) this has some interesting resonances. As Paul Edwards argued in <i>A Vast Machine</i> (winner of the SIGCIS Computer History Museum Prize), in areas of science such as climate modelling there is no such a thing as raw data that can usefully be examined without an enormously complex computer model. Measuring the concentration of a particular organic chemical in a crop is not usually considered to be one of those areas, but perhaps Ayyadurai can convince environmentalists that his model trumps the outmoded pre-systems world of physical experiments.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'>Talking of climate modelling, this reminds me of a recent article by William Saletan, <a href="http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/science/2015/07/are_gmos_safe_yes_the_case_against_them_is_full_of_fraud_lies_and_errors.html"><span style='color:black'>http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/science/2015/07/are_gmos_safe_yes_the_case_against_them_is_full_of_fraud_lies_and_errors.html</span></a>, which makes a persuasive case that the anti-GMO lobby is basically the climate change denial campaign of the left and is just as dangerous.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'>Best wishes,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'>Tom<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></body></html>