<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html charset=windows-1252"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;"><br><div> Thank you all for an enlightening discussion around the use of diagrammatic approaches. This</div><div>leads to some comments and followup questions:</div><div><br></div><div> (1) What may have proceeded diagrams? I would think natural language descriptions, tables, </div><div> and log books, as suggested. Without a diagram, the processes involved have to be gleaned in</div><div> these more traditional formats. Creating a modern diagram is possible but only with a good deal</div><div> of research. Apart from Babbage's remarkable diagram (and the 20th tradition of charting as described</div><div> in this thread), the practice of "formalizing the process" (of human computing), even in pure natural</div><div> language, seems not commonplace.</div><div><br></div><div> (2) Brian: you quote Swade's article, which I found most informative, but I had a question. If one</div><div> proceeds to <a href="http://www.rutherfordjournal.org/article030106.html">http://www.rutherfordjournal.org/article030106.html</a> and then looks at Illustration # 17</div><div> (Mechanical notation), there is a citation labeled 18. This citation is for this article:</div><div><br></div><div> <a href="http://www.rutherfordjournal.org/article030106.html#_ednref" name="_edn18" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 160); text-decoration: none; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.6000003814697px; line-height: 23.8000011444092px; widows: 1; background-color: rgb(241, 241, 249);">18</a><span style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.6000003814697px; line-height: 23.8000011444092px; widows: 1; background-color: rgb(241, 241, 249);"> Babbage, Charles. ‘On the Determination of the General Term of a New Class of Infinite Series.’ </span><u style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.6000003814697px; line-height: 23.8000011444092px; widows: 1; background-color: rgb(241, 241, 249);">Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society</u><span style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.6000003814697px; line-height: 23.8000011444092px; widows: 1; background-color: rgb(241, 241, 249);"> 2 (1826): 217-25. Reprinted in </span><i style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.6000003814697px; line-height: 23.8000011444092px; widows: 1; background-color: rgb(241, 241, 249);">Works</i><span style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.6000003814697px; line-height: 23.8000011444092px; widows: 1; background-color: rgb(241, 241, 249);">, Vol. 2, pp. 61-8. See p. 62.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.6000003814697px; line-height: 23.8000011444092px; widows: 1; background-color: rgb(241, 241, 249);"><br></span></div><div> But if one goes to <a href="http://archive.org">archive.org</a>, and reads this article (pp. 217-25), the referenced illustration is not present. Here</div><div>is the link: <a href="https://archive.org/details/transactionsofca02camb">https://archive.org/details/transactionsofca02camb</a> There are no figures in Babbage's paper. In the hope that</div><div>I might find the paper in the appendix, I also searched there. Do you know where it is published?</div><div><br></div><div> (3) Paul: I also like Richardson's book. Also, the quote that you include is a good example of how some, like Richardson,</div><div> describe the human process in natural language without the use of tables, lists, diagrams, etc.</div><div><br></div><div> (4) David H.: I also have that one but nothing earlier on the use of symbols or diagrams for human interaction for</div><div> business or industrial processes. Do you know of other, earlier examples? Perhaps David G.'s suggestion of Leffingwell</div><div> is a good place to begin. I'll do a search.</div><div><br></div><div> (5) As for Pickering and the Harvard Computers, I believe I have enough from videos, scholarly publications, and online </div><div> resources to fabricate an information workflow model consisting of (a) the act of an astronomer taking one of two types of </div><div> plates: optical vs. spectral, (b) a cabinet where the glass plates were stored, (c) the explanations of the key women who </div><div> made it all work, including the interesting task of overlaying plates to search for Cepheid variables. The information flows are</div><div> all there in the historical ether, and only remain to be drawn.</div><div><br></div><div>As to why I am doing all of this, it is in preparation for a short lecture on computing, and contextualizing computing within </div><div>culture and history. By doing so, to illustrate computing as information science and management (human</div><div>computing provides an excellent resource).</div><div><br></div><div>-paul</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br><div><div>On Apr 19, 2015, at 12:35 PM, Paul N. Edwards <<a href="mailto:pne@umich.edu">pne@umich.edu</a>> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><blockquote type="cite"><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html charset=utf-8"><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class="">Very interesting. <div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">This calls to mind some period diagrams of computational flows in the pioneering weather forecasts run on the ENIAC. I often show these in talks because the flow included both pre- and post-processing phases done by human beings - e.g. “prepare punch card deck for step 4,” on p. 309 of <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Grande'; font-size: 11px;" class="">Platzman, G. W. 1979. “The ENIAC Computations of 1950 — Gateway to Numerical Weather Prediction.” Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 60 (4): 302-12.</span><div class=""><font face="Lucida Grande" class=""><span style="font-size: 11px;" class=""><br class=""></span></font></div><div class=""><font face="Lucida Grande" class=""><span style="font-size: 11px;" class="">Another good flow diagram, this time for analysis of incoming weather data, is on p. 334 of </span></font><span style="font-family: 'Lucida Grande'; font-size: 11px;" class="">Bedient, H. A., and G. P. Cressman. 1957. “An Experiment in Automatic Data Processing.” Monthly Weather Review 85 (10): 333-40.</span></div><div class=""><font face="Lucida Grande" class=""><span style="font-size: 11px;" class=""><br class=""></span></font><div class=""><div style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; font-family: 'Lucida Grande';" class="">Best,</div><div style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; font-family: 'Lucida Grande';" class=""><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; font-family: 'Lucida Grande';" class="">Paul</div><div style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; font-family: 'Lucida Grande';" class=""><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; font-family: 'Lucida Grande';" class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class="">On Apr 19, 2015, at 11:10 , Mark Priestley <<a href="mailto:m.priestley@gmail.com" class="">m.priestley@gmail.com</a>> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div class=""><div dir="ltr" class=""><div class=""><div class=""><div class=""><div class=""><div class=""><div class="">(Apologies if this ends up appearing twice on the list, but I think I may have sent it to the wrong address earlier).<br class=""></div><div class=""><br class="">Hello everybody, <br class=""><br class="">One aspect that
hasn't (to the best of my knowledge) been mentioned in discussions of
the origins of the von Neumann/Goldstine notion of flowcharting is the
work that was done in visualizing computational flow as part of the
ENIAC project. (The following comments draw heavily on work done with
Tom Haigh and Crispin Rope as part of the <a href="http://eniacinaction.com/" target="_blank" class="">"ENIAC in Action"</a> project.)<br class=""><br class=""></div>The
famous "plugging and switching" of the ENIAC allowed basic sequences of
operations to be set up (and a bit more than that, but that's a detail)
but the team soon realized - by the end of 1943 - that they would need
ways of combining sequences into structures of arbitrary complexity,
involving repetition and conditional branching. During 1944 they
investigated various ways of doing this "sequence programming" (their
term) before settling on the design of ENIAC's master programmer, the
central unit where loops and branching were controlled. Program
structures were illustrated using "master programmer diagrams" which
showed the basic sequences as unanalyzed blocks linked by simplified
representations of the settings of the master programmer's "steppers".
These diagrams first appeared in public in a report written for the
Applied Mathematics Panel in November 1945 and were later used, for
example, by Douglas Hartree to document his 1946 ENIAC program.<br class=""><br class=""></div></div>So
the ENIAC modeled general computational flow using complex "switches"
(the steppers) that both counted iterations and provided multi-way
branching. The EDVAC design & code of spring 1945 reduced this
complexity to the more primitive notions of binary decisions and address
modification. I suggest that when they came to try to visualize
programs in 1946/7, von Neumann and Goldstine (who clearly would have
been familiar with the ENIAC notation) performed a similar reduction,
replacing the steppers on the master programming diagrams with the
"alternative boxes" of their flow diagram notation. If you do this, you
have the basic flow diagram notation: vN+G's "operation
boxes ... where no branching or
merger takes place" are functionally equivalent to the basic sequences
appearing on the master programmer diagrams.<br class=""><br class=""></div>So I don't
think it's necessary to look as far afield as chemical engineering or
process modeling to see where the flow diagram notation came from. We
have not found the term "flow diagram" itself anywhere in the ENIAC
literature, however.<br class=""><br class=""></div>Best wishes<br class=""><br class=""></div>Mark</div><div class="gmail_extra"><br class=""><div class="gmail_quote">On 19 April 2015 at 09:03, Willard McCarty <span dir="ltr" class=""><<a href="mailto:willard.mccarty@mccarty.org.uk" target="_blank" class="">willard.mccarty@mccarty.org.uk</a>></span> wrote:<br class=""><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">I'd be most grateful for pointers to very early flowcharting under any name -- esp. prior to Herman Goldstine and John von Neumann, who called flowcharts "flow diagrams", in "Planning and Coding of Problems for an Electronic Computing Instrument", Part II, Vol. I (1947). This document is available for download from the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton. Martin Campbell-Kelly, in "From Theory to Practice: The Invention of Programming, 1947-51", p. 27, says that the term is "completely original" with Goldstine and von Neumann.<br class="">
<br class="">
Another teasing question is what flowcharting, under any name, has to do with the phrase "think out of the box". Any clues?<br class="">
<br class="">
Yours,<br class="">
WM<br class="">
<br class="">
On 18/04/2015 22:58, Bjorn Westergard wrote:<br class="">
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
There was some chatter about this during the Dearborn conference.<br class="">
<br class="">
I'm struggling to recall where, but I've seen some "flowcharts" for<br class="">
semi-automatic computation with single-operation IBM machines.<br class="">
Flowcharts have a longer history in industrial engineering, which is a<br class="">
tantalizing connection to labor history labor process theory.<br class="">
<br class="">
Sent from my iPhone<br class="">
<br class="">
On Apr 18, 2015, at 5:34 PM, Paul Fishwick <<a href="mailto:metaphorz@gmail.com" target="_blank" class="">metaphorz@gmail.com</a><br class="">
<mailto:<a href="mailto:metaphorz@gmail.com" target="_blank" class="">metaphorz@gmail.com</a>>> wrote:<br class="">
<br class="">
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
<br class="">
I recently listened to a podcast on Pickering's human-intensive computing<br class="">
for processing astronomical data. Here is a wiki page that contains an<br class="">
overview and<br class="">
photograph from 1890:<br class="">
<br class="">
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_Computers" target="_blank" class="">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_Computers</a><br class="">
<br class="">
I am seeking diagrammatic workflow models of the types of computation<br class="">
that occurred<br class="">
under Pickering's direction, but more generally, any articles or texts<br class="">
that contain such<br class="">
diagrams for human computing. I am familiar with modern formalisms<br class="">
such as<br class="">
BPMN: <a href="http://www.bpmn.org/" target="_blank" class="">http://www.bpmn.org/</a> in which business workflows might be<br class="">
formalized. I also have<br class="">
read Grier's excellent book:<br class="">
<br class="">
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/When-Computers-Human-David-Grier/dp/0691091579/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1429392009&sr=8-1&keywords=when+computers+were+human" target="_blank" class="">http://www.amazon.com/When-Computers-Human-David-Grier/dp/0691091579/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1429392009&sr=8-1&keywords=when+computers+were+human</a><br class="">
<<a href="http://www.amazon.com/When-Computers-Human-David-Grier/dp/0691091579/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1429392009&sr=8-1&keywords=when+computers+were+human" target="_blank" class="">http://www.amazon.com/When-Computers-Human-David-Grier/dp/0691091579/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1429392009&sr=8-1&keywords=when+computers+were+human</a>><br class="">
<br class="">
The history and cultural context is interesting to me, and most<br class="">
appropriate for engaging<br class="">
readers, however, the main end-point in this story-telling process,<br class="">
for me, is for people to<br class="">
appreciate the path toward the diagrammatic formalisms with their<br class="">
nodes, merges, branches, and<br class="">
connections.<br class="">
<br class="">
If I need to, I can embark on a path toward creating some models with<br class="">
the written historical<br class="">
accounts as a guide, but I thought that checking here would be the<br class="">
best starting location in this<br class="">
quest for diagrammatic evidence.<br class="">
<br class="">
-paul<br class="">
<br class="">
<br class="">
<br class="">
<br class="">
<br class="">
<br class="">
Paul Fishwick, PhD<br class="">
Chair, ACM SIGSIM<br class="">
Distinguished University Chair of Arts & Technology<br class="">
and Professor of Computer Science<br class="">
Director, Creative Automata Laboratory<br class="">
The University of Texas at Dallas<br class="">
Arts & Technology<br class="">
800 West Campbell Road, AT10<br class="">
Richardson, TX 75080-3021<br class="">
Home: <a href="http://utdallas.edu/atec/fishwick" target="_blank" class="">utdallas.edu/atec/fishwick</a> <<a href="http://utdallas.edu/atec/fishwick" target="_blank" class="">http://utdallas.edu/atec/fishwick</a>><br class="">
Lab Blog: <a href="http://creative-automata.com/" target="_blank" class="">creative-automata.com</a> <<a href="http://creative-automata.com/" target="_blank" class="">http://creative-automata.com</a>><br class="">
SIGSIM Blog: <a href="http://modelingforeveryone.com/" target="_blank" class="">modelingforeveryone.com</a> <<a href="http://modelingforeveryone.com/" target="_blank" class="">http://modelingforeveryone.com</a>><br class="">
<br class="">
<br class="">
<br class="">
<br class="">
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This email is relayed from members at <a href="http://sigcis.org/" target="_blank" class="">sigcis.org</a> <<a href="http://sigcis.org/" target="_blank" class="">http://sigcis.org</a>>,<br class="">
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</blockquote>
<br class="">
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This email is relayed from members at <a href="http://sigcis.org/" target="_blank" class="">sigcis.org</a>, the email discussion list of SHOT SIGCIS. Opinions expressed here are those of the member posting and are not reviewed, edited, or endorsed by SIGCIS. The list archives are at <a href="http://lists.sigcis.org/pipermail/members-sigcis.org/" target="_blank" class="">http://lists.sigcis.org/pipermail/members-sigcis.org/</a> and you can change your subscription options at <a href="http://lists.sigcis.org/listinfo.cgi/members-sigcis.org" target="_blank" class="">http://lists.sigcis.org/listinfo.cgi/members-sigcis.org</a><span class="HOEnZb"><font color="#888888" class=""><br class="">
</font></span></blockquote><span class="HOEnZb"><font color="#888888" class="">
<br class="">
-- <br class="">
Willard McCarty (<a href="http://www.mccarty.org.uk/" target="_blank" class="">www.mccarty.org.uk/</a>), Professor, Department of Digital<br class="">
Humanities, King's College London, and Digital Humanities Research<br class="">
Group, University of Western Sydney<br class="">
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This email is relayed from members at <a href="http://sigcis.org/" target="_blank" class="">sigcis.org</a>, the email discussion list of SHOT SIGCIS. Opinions expressed here are those of the member posting and are not reviewed, edited, or endorsed by SIGCIS. The list archives are at <a href="http://lists.sigcis.org/pipermail/members-sigcis.org/" target="_blank" class="">http://lists.sigcis.org/pipermail/members-sigcis.org/</a> and you can change your subscription options at <a href="http://lists.sigcis.org/listinfo.cgi/members-sigcis.org" target="_blank" class="">http://lists.sigcis.org/listinfo.cgi/members-sigcis.org</a><br class="">
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_______________________________________________<br class="">This email is relayed from members at <a href="http://sigcis.org/" class="">sigcis.org</a>, the email discussion list of SHOT SIGCIS. Opinions expressed here are those of the member posting and are not reviewed, edited, or endorsed by SIGCIS. The list archives are at <a href="http://lists.sigcis.org/pipermail/members-sigcis.org/" class="">http://lists.sigcis.org/pipermail/members-sigcis.org/</a> and you can change your subscription options at <a href="http://lists.sigcis.org/listinfo.cgi/members-sigcis.org" class="">http://lists.sigcis.org/listinfo.cgi/members-sigcis.org</a></div></blockquote></div><br class=""><div apple-content-edited="true" class="">
<div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; border-spacing: 0px;"><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; border-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; border-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px;">___________________________</span></div><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px;"><br class=""></span></div><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px;">Paul N. Edwards</span></div></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; border-collapse: separate; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; border-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; border-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue';" class=""><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px;" class="">Professor of </span><a href="http://www.si.umich.edu/" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px;" class="">Information</a><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px;" class=""> and </span><a href="http://www.lsa.umich.edu/history/" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px;" class="">History</a><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px;" class="">, University of Michigan </span></div></div></span></div></span><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; border-spacing: 0px;"><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; border-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; font-family: Helvetica; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; border-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; font-family: Helvetica; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; border-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; font-family: Helvetica; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; border-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; font-family: Helvetica; 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font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; border-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; font-family: Helvetica; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; border-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; font-family: Helvetica; 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-webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="margin: 0px;" class=""><div style="margin: 0px;" class=""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica; "><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; font-family: Helvetica; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; border-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; font-family: Helvetica; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; border-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; font-family: Helvetica; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; border-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; font-family: Helvetica; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; border-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; font-family: Helvetica; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; border-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; font-family: Helvetica; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; border-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; border-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; border-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; border-spacing: 0px; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; orphans: 2; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; border-spacing: 0px; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; orphans: 2; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><div style="margin: 0px;" class=""><div style="margin: 0px;" class=""><a href="http://pne.people.si.umich.edu/vastmachine/index.html" class="">A Vast Machine: Computer Models, Climate Data, and the Politics of Global Warming</a> (MIT Press, 2010)</div><div style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Geneva; min-height: 16px;" class=""><br class=""></div></div></span></span></div></span></div></span></div></span></div></span></div></span></div></span></div></span></div></span></div></span></div></div></div></div></span></div></span></div></span></div></span></div></span></div></span></div></span></div></span></div></span></div></span></div></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica; border-collapse: separate; border-spacing: 0px;"><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; border-spacing: 0px;"><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; font-size: 12px; border-spacing: 0px;"><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; font-family: Arial; border-spacing: 0px;"><div style="margin: 0px; font-family: Geneva; min-height: 16px;" class="">Terse replies are <a href="http://five.sentenc.es/" class="">deliberate</a> (and better than nothing)<br class=""><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px;" class="">University of Michigan <a href="http://www.si.umich.edu/" class="">School of Information</a></div><div style="margin: 0px;" class="">4437 North Quad</div><div style="margin: 0px;" class="">105 S. State Street<br class="">Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1285</div><div style="margin: 0px;" class="">(734) 764-2617 (office) </div><div style="margin: 0px;" class="">(206) 337-1523 (fax) </div><div style="margin: 0px;" class=""><a href="http://pne.people.si.umich.edu/" class="">pne.people.si.umich.edu</a></div><div class=""><br class="khtml-block-placeholder"></div><div class=""><br class="khtml-block-placeholder"></div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></span><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></div></span><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></div></span><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></div></span><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" style="font-family: Helvetica;"></div></span></div></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; 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<br class=""></div></div></div></div>_______________________________________________<br>This email is relayed from members at <a href="http://sigcis.org">sigcis.org</a>, the email discussion list of SHOT SIGCIS. Opinions expressed here are those of the member posting and are not reviewed, edited, or endorsed by SIGCIS. The list archives are at <a href="http://lists.sigcis.org/pipermail/members-sigcis.org/">http://lists.sigcis.org/pipermail/members-sigcis.org/</a> and you can change your subscription options at <a href="http://lists.sigcis.org/listinfo.cgi/members-sigcis.org">http://lists.sigcis.org/listinfo.cgi/members-sigcis.org</a></blockquote></div><br><div apple-content-edited="true">
<div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;"><div><div style="orphans: 2; widows: 2;">Paul Fishwick, PhD</div><div style="orphans: 2; widows: 2;"><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;">Chair, ACM SIGSIM</div><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;">Distinguished University Chair of Arts & Technology </div><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;"> and Professor of Computer Science</div><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;">Director, Creative Automata Laboratory</div><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;">The University of Texas at Dallas</div><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;">Arts & Technology</div><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;">800 West Campbell Road, AT10</div><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;">Richardson, TX 75080-3021</div></div><div style="orphans: 2; widows: 2; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;">Home: <a href="http://utdallas.edu/atec/fishwick">utdallas.edu/atec/fishwick</a></div><div style="orphans: 2; widows: 2; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;">Lab Blog: <a href="http://creative-automata.com">creative-automata.com</a></div><div style="orphans: 2; widows: 2; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;">SIGSIM Blog: <a href="http://modelingforeveryone.com">modelingforeveryone.com</a></div></div><div><br></div></div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
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