<div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:small">This represents a causal influence to establish transparency: <br> 

<p class="MsoNormal">Virtuality, Murray
Turoff, Communications of the ACM, 40(9), September 1997.</p>

<br>The theme of this paper is below and it is the basic idea that the virtual model put in the computer of a real situation can then change the real situation to fit the computer model if it involves the behavior of people.</div><br><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:small"><br></div><br><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:small"><b>Virtuality is the process whereby the implementation model in the computer
replaces the real world model in a system made up in part of people.</b><font><span style="font-weight:normal"><span><br>•<span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:normal;font-size-adjust:none;font-stretch:normal">  
</span></span></span>Information Systems are usually design on a
descriptive basis; however, they often become prescriptive.</font><font><span style="font-weight:normal"><span><br>•<span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:normal;font-size-adjust:none;font-stretch:normal">  
</span></span></span>Designers need to anticipate prescriptive
impacts of their systems.</font><font><span style="font-weight:normal"><span><br>•<span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:normal;font-size-adjust:none;font-stretch:normal">  
</span></span></span>The design of an interactive system can be the
design of a social system </font><font>

</font></div><br>-- <br><div class="gmail_signature"><b>please send messages to <a href="mailto:murray.turoff@gmail.com" target="_blank">murray.turoff@gmail.com</a>  do not use @<a href="http://njit.edu" target="_blank">njit.edu</a> address<br><br>Distinguished Professor Emeritus<br>Information Systems, NJIT<br>homepage: <a href="http://is.njit.edu/turoff" target="_blank">http://is.njit.edu/turoff</a><br></b><br></div>
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