<html><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space; ">Dear Friends & Colleagues,<div><br><div apple-content-edited="true"><div apple-content-edited="true"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px; ">This is just to inform SIGCIS members, particularly those working on Computer Science in Higher Education,</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px; "> of a paper about to appear</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px; "> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px; ">:</span></div><div apple-content-edited="true"><br></div><div apple-content-edited="true"><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Garamond"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><b>"</b></span></font><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri; ">Computer Science in French Universities: Early Entrants and Latecomers"</span></div><div><a href="http://www.infoculturejournal.org/current_issue/47.4">http://www.infoculturejournal.org/current_issue/47.4</a> </div></div><div apple-content-edited="true"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px; "><br></span></div><div apple-content-edited="true"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px; ">This paper stems from my book *, but goes further to define models of development in</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px; "> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px; ">an</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px; "> international</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px; "> comparaison perspective</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px; ">.</span></div><div apple-content-edited="true"><br></div><div apple-content-edited="true"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px; ">With cordial salutations, looking forward to meet some of you in Copenhagen,</span></div><div apple-content-edited="true">Pierre Mounier-Kuhn<br><br>CNRS & Université Paris-Sorbonne</div><div apple-content-edited="true">* <a href="http://pups.paris-sorbonne.fr/pages/aff_livre.php?Id=838">http://pups.paris-sorbonne.fr/pages/aff_livre.php?Id=838</a><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></div><div><a href="http://www.koyre.cnrs.fr/IMG/pdf/CV-Mounier-Kuhn_1_.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.koyre.cnrs.fr/IMG/pdf/CV-Mounier-Kuhn_1_.pdf</a> </div><div><br></div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 18px; font-size: medium; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 15px; ">Abstract - </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal; "><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Garamond; "><b>M<span style="text-transform: uppercase; ">OUNIER-KUHN</span> Pierre</b></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal; "><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Garamond; ">, </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri; ">2012,</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal; "><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Garamond; "> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri; ">"Computer Science in French Universities: Early Entrants and Latecomers", <i>Information & Culture: A Journal of History</i></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri; ">, vol. 47, n° 4.</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal; "> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; font-size: medium; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; ">How do new disciplines develop in certain universities, not in others ? What factors shape the geography of science ? The history of computer science in French higher education suggests a model to describe this development and differenciation process.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; font-size: medium; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; ">Computer science stemmed from local configurations associating a school of electrical engineering and a professor of numerical analysis. In the early 1950s, a few professors, who may be characterized as “science entrepreneurs”, created three-fold structures, associating courses in applied mathematics and programming, a computing facility and a research laboratory. This initiated a cumulative development process, attracting students, researchers, contracts, funding and powerful machines, and opening the field to novel applications or theoretical investigations. In other universities, these configurations were not completed – typically, they were limited to an assistant and a small computer, so that computing remained confined to technical training.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; font-size: medium; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; ">In the 1960s, the pioneers became the leaders of the new informatics field, hold power positions in learned societies and in science policy committees, and controlled the definition of computer science curricula. As the computing institutes they had created reached considerable size, they began to spin off their junior professors toward other universities, thus still increasing their « radiance ». These centers, like Grenoble, Nancy or Toulouse, remain major academic centers in the discipline today.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><span style="font-size: 11pt; "><br></span></div></div></div></body></html>