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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>(Forwarded, as the list bounced his message…)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> Paul McJones [mailto:paul@mcjones.org] <br><b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, April 03, 2012 11:21 AM<br><b>To:</b> Brian Randell; Thomas Haigh<br><b>Cc:</b> members@sigcis.org<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [SIGCIS-Members] "Stored program" -- anyone know origins of the PHRASE<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal>This is to confirm that Turing's 1945/6 ACE proposal describes the ideas of stored programs (starting on the very first page) but does not use that terminology. Turing does use the word "storage" extensively, but he refers to "instruction tables" rather than "programs". He demonstrates the use of stored programs with an instruction table called INDEXIN that simulates what we would call an indexed load. He also mentions that various aspects of program preparation (e.g., relocating subroutines) could be done within the machine itself, but for pragmatic reasons suggest it be done externally using punched card machines.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>For those interested, a scan of the 1972 NPL reprint is available here:<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><blockquote style='margin-left:30.0pt;margin-right:0in'><div><p class=MsoNormal><a href="http://www.npl.co.uk/turing/pilot-ace-proposal">http://www.npl.co.uk/turing/pilot-ace-proposal</a><o:p></o:p></p></div></blockquote><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>and a scan of the original 1946 report is here:<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><blockquote style='margin-left:30.0pt;margin-right:0in'><div><p class=MsoNormal><a href="http://www.turingarchive.org/browse.php/C/32">http://www.turingarchive.org/browse.php/C/32</a><o:p></o:p></p></div></blockquote><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>For anyone interested in studying Turing's report I recommend this paper:<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><blockquote style='margin-left:30.0pt;margin-right:0in'><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>The other Turing machine<o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>B. E. Carpenter and R. W. Doran<o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Computer Journal, Volume 20, Issue 3, Pp. 269-279.<o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><a href="http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/20/3/269.abstract">http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/20/3/269.abstract</a><o:p></o:p></p></div></blockquote><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>(I learned of the paper by Carpenter and Doran in Brian Randell's <i>The Origins of Digital Computers: Selected Papers</i>.) <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Paul<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>On Apr 2, 2012, at 1:44 PM, Brian Randell wrote:<o:p></o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><br><br><o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal>Hi Tom:<br><br>Not directly responding to your query, and commenting from memory, rather than having rechecked my sources, my recollection is that the 1945 First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC did not allow operations on stored instructions, but Turing's 1945 proposal for ACE did - to my mind a necessary final step towards the generality that I associate with the stored program computer concept.<br><br>Cheers<br><br>Brian<br><br><br>On 2 Apr 2012, at 21:34, Thomas Haigh wrote:<br><br><br><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Hello everyone,<o:p></o:p></p><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></blockquote><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal>I have a query related to a project I am working on concerning the<o:p></o:p></p></blockquote><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal>conversion of ENIAC to stored program control in 1948, initially to run the<o:p></o:p></p></blockquote><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal>first computerized Monte Carlo calculations. All this took place prior to<o:p></o:p></p></blockquote><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal>the first operation of the Manchester Baby. That makes the question of what<o:p></o:p></p></blockquote><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal>one means by "stored program" a very interesting one.<o:p></o:p></p></blockquote><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></blockquote><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal>This question was much discussed in the early days of the history of<o:p></o:p></p></blockquote><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal>computing (1970s, early 1980s). I am starting to dig back into primary<o:p></o:p></p></blockquote><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal>sources for early use of the phrases "stored program" and "stored program<o:p></o:p></p></blockquote><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal>concept" to get a better idea of how these terms were used in the<o:p></o:p></p></blockquote><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal>1940s/early 1950s and what people thought they meant at the time. <o:p></o:p></p></blockquote><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></blockquote><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal>To clarify, almost everyone who has written about this cites the 1945 "First<o:p></o:p></p></blockquote><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal>Draft of a Report on the EDVAC" as the initial dissemination of the stored<o:p></o:p></p></blockquote><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal>program concept although there has been considerable debate as to the source<o:p></o:p></p></blockquote><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal>of the ideas contained therein. However that document does not contain the<o:p></o:p></p></blockquote><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal>phase "stored program." Or indeed use the word "program" in the body of the<o:p></o:p></p></blockquote><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal>text. Or, remarkably, "EDVAC." "Stored" shows up a few times, though less<o:p></o:p></p></blockquote><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal>frequently than "remembered." So, ignoring for the moment the relationship<o:p></o:p></p></blockquote><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal>of the report to later definitions of the concept, we can agree that it was<o:p></o:p></p></blockquote><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal>not the source of the phrase. The most obvious summary of the idea using the<o:p></o:p></p></blockquote><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal>report's own terminology would be "remembered instruction device" rather<o:p></o:p></p></blockquote><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal>than "stored program computer." <o:p></o:p></p></blockquote><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></blockquote><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal>I had thought about the 1946 Moore School lectures as a possible vector for<o:p></o:p></p></blockquote><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal>the phase "stored program" as well as the concept. The phrase shows up many<o:p></o:p></p></blockquote><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal>times in the Moore School lectures book but so far I have spotted it only in<o:p></o:p></p></blockquote><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal>the 1980s editorial material rather than in the original lecture summaries. <o:p></o:p></p></blockquote><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></blockquote><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal>By 1954 "stored program computer" is showing up without explanation or<o:p></o:p></p></blockquote><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal>citation required in the description of the IBM 650 published in the<o:p></o:p></p></blockquote><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal>inaugural issue of Journal of the ACM. It is not particularly common in the<o:p></o:p></p></blockquote><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal>ACM DL material for the rest of the decade ("automatic computer" and<o:p></o:p></p></blockquote><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal>"digital computer" are more prevalent) but continues to pop up occasionally.<o:p></o:p></p></blockquote><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal>The best the OED can do is 1957, which is even later.<o:p></o:p></p></blockquote><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></blockquote><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal>So, any thoughts on who came up with this phrase and when? I'm planning to<o:p></o:p></p></blockquote><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal>dig deeper in search of early usage, for example into the 1950 "High-Speed<o:p></o:p></p></blockquote><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal>Computing Devices" ERA book and some of the other CBI reprints from the<o:p></o:p></p></blockquote><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal>1940s, but it occurred to me that someone on the list might already know the<o:p></o:p></p></blockquote><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal>answer to the question.<o:p></o:p></p></blockquote><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></blockquote><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal>Tom<o:p></o:p></p></blockquote><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></blockquote><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></blockquote><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></blockquote><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></blockquote><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></blockquote><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></blockquote><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></blockquote><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></blockquote><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></blockquote><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></blockquote><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></blockquote><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal>_______________________________________________<o:p></o:p></p></blockquote><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal>This email is relayed from <a href="mailto:members@sigcis.org">members@sigcis.org</a>, the email discussion list of SHOT SIGCIS. The list archives are at <a href="http://sigcis.org/pipermail/members/">http://sigcis.org/pipermail/members/</a> and you can change your subscription options at <a href="http://sigcis.org/mailman/listinfo/members">http://sigcis.org/mailman/listinfo/members</a><o:p></o:p></p></blockquote><p class=MsoNormal><br><br>--<br>School of Computing Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne,<br>NE1 7RU, UK<br>EMAIL = <a href="mailto:Brian.Randell@ncl.ac.uk">Brian.Randell@ncl.ac.uk</a> PHONE = +44 191 222 7923<br>FAX = +44 191 222 8232 URL = <a href="http://www.cs.ncl.ac.uk/people/brian.randell">http://www.cs.ncl.ac.uk/people/brian.randell</a><br><br><br><br><br>_______________________________________________<br>This email is relayed from <a href="mailto:members@sigcis.org">members@sigcis.org</a>, the email discussion list of SHOT SIGCIS. The list archives are at <a href="http://sigcis.org/pipermail/members/">http://sigcis.org/pipermail/members/</a> and you can change your subscription options at <a href="http://sigcis.org/mailman/listinfo/members">http://sigcis.org/mailman/listinfo/members</a><o:p></o:p></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div></body></html>