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<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Forwarded from Burt Grad, who for some reason is having trouble sending
from his own account and having the list accept it.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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Tom<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> Burtgrad@aol.com
[mailto:Burtgrad@aol.com] <br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, September 15, 2010 6:59 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> members@sigcis.org<br>
<b>Cc:</b> thaigh@acm.org<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Petroleum and computers<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'>As a developer at IBM's Data Processing Division during the
1960's, I was involved in applications work with many of the major users of
mainframes. So far, all of the comments I have read seem substantially correct.
However, there was a large gap in the types of companies which were doing
scientific/technical computations and those doing business applications. The
heaviest business users were banks, insurance companies and manufacturing
companies (including aerospace and petroleum/gas). The largest scientific users
were the aerospace and petroleum companies. Before the S/360 was announced, I
believe that the sales of commercial machines exceeded the sale of scientific
machines (certainly in the US); and I believe that the ratio of business to
scientific usage was around 4 to 1. Share and Guide may have some data on this
and there must have been data submitted to the government in the anti-trust
suit which stipulated the sales of various sizes and types of IBM
computers during the 1960s.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'>I know that IBM would have been unable to sell S/360s to the
Petroleum companies unless we had high functioning LP codes. And IBM couldn't
have sold to the Aerospace companies without PERT programs. The only other
evidence that I can recall was that by the end of the 1960s a number of the
aerospace companies were selling excess capacity on a timesharing and remote
processing services basis; some of the petroleum companies also did this but I
believe to a lesser degree. Still, in terms of total value of computers sold, I
believe that the commercial usage was much greater and therefore the sales to
businesses other than Aerospace and Petroleum was probably much greater.
Without statistics available to me, I would guess that dicrete
manufacturing (not process), banking and insurance were the largest markets
(other than government) in the 1960s and probably through the 1970s at least.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'>Burt Grad [co-chair, Software Industry Special Interest Group at
the Computer History Museum]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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